This article inspects the bioconvection flow of second-grade nanomaterial in a magnetic field upon a revolving stretching disk under the Darcy-Forchheimer theory. Radiated heat, heat generation/absorption and chemical reaction have been incorporated. Thermal and solutal convective conditions are assumed to compute heat and mass. The Buongiorno nanofluidic is assumed to simulate Brownian movement and the force of thermophoretic. Considering a porous substance, a Darcy-Forchheimer theory is implemented, and to simulate non-Newtonian characteristics such as the second-grade model is applied. The complex dimensionality PDE's in terms of microorganism, energy, momentum and energy are renovated into an ODE by employing suitable similarity variables. The renovating ODEs are tackled through NDsolve technique, and the influence of the newly discovered variable on the microorganism, temperature, concentration and velocity mechanisms has been displayed graphically and in tabular form. It is being suggested that despite growing the magnetic variable, the inertia coefficient and the fluid variable lessen the radial and azimuthal velocity field. The porosity effect and stretching parameter intensify the axial velocity. Additionally, the temperature and concentration augment in tandem with the enhancement of thermal and solutal Biot number. The results of this research seem substantially applicable to spinning biological nanotechnologies production structures, permeable disk devices, thermal energy gadgets, including medical transportation systems wherever accurate oversight of thermal energy, weight, and biological nanofluid transportation is required. The current findings offer valuable scientific insights and highly design advice toward sophisticated rotary disk mechanisms working in permeable, highly conductive conditions.
This study examines the impact of the 2007–2008 subprime crisis on the efficacy of international portfolio diversification by analyzing the dynamic correlations and volatility of 30 global equity indices relative to the MSCI World Index across pre- and post-crisis periods. Using a multi-methodological approach,including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and GARCH(1,1) model .We find a significant crisis-induced convergence in international market correlations, particularly among developed economies and financially integrated emerging markets such as Brazil, which substantially eroded traditional diversification benefits. However, certain emerging and frontier markets, notably in Africa and select Asian economies, maintained low correlations with the global benchmark, preserving their diversification potential. These results suggest that while the subprime crisis challenged conventional geographic diversification strategies, a dynamic, selective, and factor-based approach to international asset allocation remains viable, particularly through exposure to less-integrated markets exhibiting idiosyncratic risk-return profiles.
Purpose:This systematic literature review clarifies how employee green behavior (EGB) is conceptualized, synthesizes evidence on its links with employee well-being, and identifies its underlying mechanisms, and existing research gaps, through science mapping with a focused synthesis of seminal mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach:Following the SPAR-4-SLR protocol, we analyzed 323 documents from Scopus and Web of Science (2012–2024) along with targeted seminal extension (2012–2018) using bibliometric mapping and a thematic synthesis of seminal articles. We built two evidence sets: (i) a mapping corpus for bibliometric analysis (n = 323) and (ii) a direct-nexus subset of workplace studies that jointly operationalize EGB and well-being and analyze their association (n = 20), supported by a targeted seminal extension (2012–2018) for in-depth conceptual analysis. Findings:The results reveal that the field is expanding rapidly where Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and performance dominate its conceptual space. EGB emerges as a multilevel construct shaped by individual (e.g., affect, values, self-identity) and contextual (e.g., green human resources management, psychological climate, leadership) influences. However, direct tests of the EGB-well-being association remain rare, with patterns favoring indirect pathways (e.g., identification, self-esteem, trust, and sense of purpose) and boundary conditions (e.g., green psychological climate). Originality/value:The review consolidates the limited direct evidence on the EGB–well-being association, integrates it with psychological mechanisms, and proposes testable multilevel propositions to enable cumulative, longitudinal research and practical measurement alignment.
This study examines whether Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance mitigates stock return volatility during periods of severe monetary stress. Using a balanced panel of CAC 40 firms over 2010-2023 and applying a robust two-step Panel GARCH model to daily returns matched with annual ESG scores, we assess whether non-financial performance reliably hedges against systemic monetary erosion. Results indicate that, although ESG acts as an effective diversifier against firm-specific risk, it offers only limited immunity against the systemic risk associated with monetary tightening. While a negative association exists between strong ESG performance and stock return volatility (β = -0.0340, p < 0.01), this stabilizing effect is significantly attenuated under high-inflation regimes, where the inflation coefficient (β = 2.3041) heavily dominates ESG's risk-mitigating capacity. Our findings quantify a distinct risk hierarchy, providing novel evidence that the micro-stabilizing effects of ESG are asymmetric and fundamentally subordinate to macroeconomic monetary tightening. For corporate executives, strong ESG performance acts as a vital micro-stabilizer; however, portfolio managers must recognize that ESG integration cannot serve as an Independent hedge during monetary tightening. JEL Classification: G11, G12 , G32 , M14
PurposeThis study aims to investigate the motivations and functions of voluntary environmental disclosure (VED) in authoritarian contexts. It explores how disclosure can operate not only as a mechanism of legitimacy or compliance but also as a subtle form of resistance viewed through an infra-political lens.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis draws on a longitudinal case study of a publicly listed Tunisian company operating under the Ben Ali regime. Seventeen years of annual reports are examined using critical discourse analysis, supported by interviews with managers, institutional actors and activists and complemented by relevant media documents.FindingsIn Tunisia, VED was unusual in two respects: it arose in a nascent financial market with no regulatory or institutional pressures, and it carried subtle critiques of state-owned enterprise dominance. The findings show that firms may mobilize environmental reporting not merely as a legitimacy device but also as a means to navigate - and discreetly contest - entrenched political and economic hierarchies, thereby enacting a constrained form of corporate agency.Originality/valueBy introducing an infra-political perspective to environmental disclosure, this research expands the understanding of VED beyond market-driven accounts. It demonstrates how disclosure in authoritarian regimes can embody a negotiated form of transparency shaped by power asymmetries, contributing to wider debates on corporate reporting, political economy and sustainability reporting.
