Purpose: The main research issue of study is to identify the nature of existing linking mechanisms among AREE institutions at municipality level affecting the agriculture service delivery. Study also focused to explore the possibilities of university-community engagement to strengthen the linkage gaps. Design/Methodology/Approach: Convergent parallel mix methods design along with systematic review was employed to attain the study objective. Ten observation of service delivery embedded with KIIs were conducted in five Rural-Municipalities and five Municipalities. The theoretical framework was discussed to improve the current linkage interface at local level Findings: The literature from systematic review showed, top-down research and extension management, fragmented research, extension, and academic institutions, lower perception of the value of linkage, poor infrastructure of basic services, absenteeism of human resource, and with inadequate competencies were the main causes of weak research, extension, education, and farmer linkages at the local level. Implications/Originality/Value: The paper discussed and conceptualize various linkage modalities that are being practiced over the country must be contextualize based on the characteristics of agriculture research, extension and education institutions existing and working in municipalities.
Pattern languages are well-established in the software architecture community. Many different aspects of creating a software architecture are addressed by such languages. Thus, several pattern languages have to be considered when building a particular architecture. But these pattern languages are isolated, i.e. it is hard to determine the relevant patterns to be applied from the different pattern languages. Moreover, the sum of patterns from different languages may be huge, i.e. restriction to relevant patterns is desirable. In this contribution we envision an encompassing tool, the pattern atlas, that supports building complex systems based on pattern languages. The analogy to cartography motivates the name of the tool.
Health care workers (HCW) are at higher risk to get sick from SARS-CoV-2 than general population, so they must use personal protective equipment (PPE) in all care situations. The HCW at Clinica las Condes (CLC) that required a sick leave (SD during the study period was evaluated by the Administrative Institution according to Law 16,744, which categorized each case of close contact (CC) or confirmed case, as community-acquired (CA) or health care-associated (HCA). In addition, all of them were traced by the HR and Infection Control team, to find out health status, risk factors and evolution. The aims were to characterize the confirmed cases and CC, their association with key events that occurred in the institution and the community between February 12th and July 31th. 21% of the HCW had to take SL in the period and in 12,97% infection was confirmed by PCR. Distribution by sex and age did not differ from the distribution of total HCW in CLC. Among confirmed cases, most of them were HCA, whereas in the CC group the majority were CA. Regarding HCA cases, it stands out that the first case occurred 63 days after the first COVID-19 inpatient in CLC when the epidemic was already spread in the community, which reflects the effectiveness of the preventive measures adopted within CLC.
The lower productivity and higher yield gaps in major cereals are the dominant problems of agriculture in eastern-terai of Nepal. Hence, field experiment was conducted to evaluate Nutrient Expert® wheat and maize model on farmer’s field at two sites each for maize and wheat in Morang and Jhapa district. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Completely Block Design replicated among twenty farmers in each district. Two treatments executed were NE (Nutrient Expert Recommendation) and FFP (Farmer Fertilizer Practices).The result revealed significant difference in terms of morphology, yield attributes and yield of wheat and maize. The highest wheat yield (4.71 ton ha-1) was obtained from NE followed by FFP (3.00 ton ha-1) in Jhapa and in Morang, was (4.01 ton ha-1) in NE followed by (2.05 ton ha-1) in FFP. In contrary, the higher maize yield (9.22 ton ha-1) was obtained from NE followed by FFP (4.94 ton ha-1) in Jhapa and (8.059 t ha-1)in Morang NE followed by FFP (4.52 ton ha-1). The net revenue of NE wheat in Morang was found to be increased by 344.799% while in maize the increment in net revenue of NE was only by 131.158% in Jhapa than in Morang. NE based practices produced significantly higher productivity and profitability in comparison with FFP.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(1): 45-52
