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NHK (Nihon hōsō kyōkai), the Japanese public broadcasting monopoly, established and manages what is currently Japan’s largest online digitized media archive: NHK Archives. When a user accesses a radio program from NHK Archives, however, they discover an unexpected audiovisual experience. A relevant television program, film, or static image is automatically displayed along with the radio broadcast. This media synergy challenges archival approaches that rely exclusively on a single medium. The NHK Archives’ current representations of radio sound recordings complicate our use of archival sources by combining original audio with visual sources selected through a contemporary post-production editing process. On the one hand, the Archives allow a user to see an audio recording’s historical, political, or cultural significance. At the same time, however, the Archives may misinform the user of how the original audio was heard by the listeners back in time. This paper examines radio programs broadcast during World War II and in the immediate post-war period. These programs are worth analyzing because they were important in and of themselves, but now have altered meanings in the digital environment with the new audiovisual representations.
Abstract The Imjin War resulted in numerous Koreans being captured and transported to Japan as captives. This study examines the experiences of these captives, including scholars, potters, farmers and artisans, focusing on their transition from ordinary to war captives, and their subsequent lives in Japan, mainly in Kyushu and western Japan. Drawing on diverse sources such as Korean envoys’ diaries, captives’ memoirs and local Japanese records, this research investigates the allocation processes and living conditions of captives in Japan. The study identifies three primary transportation routes significantly influencing captives’ fates: sale to Japanese slave merchants, selective transfers by samurai and daimyo, and large-scale wartime relocations. Furthermore, it reveals that wartime mobilisation in Japan led to a shortage of administrative personnel, unexpectedly affording some captives relative freedom of movement. This freedom enabled them to establish social networks and integrate more effectively into Japanese society, offering new insights into captives’ adaptation to alien environments.
In this work, we assess the impact of a GeO2 overlayer on the stability and optoelectronic properties of Pb-free Cs(Sn1−xGex)I3 perovskites. First-principles calculations show that Ge incorporation significantly reduces the exciton binding energy with respect to pristine CsSnI3, indicating enhanced electron–hole separation and improved carrier-extraction potential. Guided by this trend, we investigated Cs(Sn1−xGex)I3 (x=0.25) slab models along the stable (001) orientation and analyzed different surface terminations (CsI and MI2, with M = Sn, Ge and M=Ge only). The resulting perovskite/GeO2 interfaces exhibit composition- and termination-dependent structural rearrangements and band alignments, highlighting specific configurations that better preserve the perovskite’s optoelectronic response. To ensure a realistic comparison with experiments, crystalline models were complemented with amorphous GeO2 structures. Overall, our results clarify how germania capping layers can stabilize (Sn,Ge)-based perovskites while maintaining favorable electronic properties for photovoltaic applications.
