It is chartered by the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and is recognized by HEC (Higher Education Commission) and PEC (Pakistan Engineering Council). It offers a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs as well as PhD programs in Management Sciences, Computer Sciences, Engineering, Education, Media Sciences, and Fashion Designing..
The proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has driven the emergence of Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs) as distributed cyber-physical computing systems for surveillance, disaster management, precision agriculture, and logistics. Optimizing computational and communication resource utilization within these constrained aerial systems is essential to extend network lifespan and maintain satisfactory quality of service (QoS). This study proposes integrating the Fisheye State Routing (FSR) protocol with a 3$\times$3 Manhattan Grid mobility model as a computing-systems solution for reliable data exchange in dynamic UAV swarm networks. FSR maintains distributed topology tables and applies Dijkstra's algorithm to compute optimal routing paths, enabling adaptive resource allocation across continuously reconfiguring network architectures. Performance is evaluated across six metrics—packet delivery ratio, packet drop rate, end-to-end delay, channel utilization, throughput, and jitter—under two scenarios of twenty and thirty nodes. FSR achieves packet delivery ratios of 46% and 53% respectively, with minimal end-to-end latencies of 0.010 and 0.244 seconds and reduced jitter, outperforming five topology-based protocols (OLSR, AODV, DSR, TORA, DSDV) in resource utilization across all evaluated metrics.
Plasmodium parasites are the causative agents of a life-threatening malaria disease, causing a substantial economic loss to the health sectors on a global scale, especially in Pakistan, due to the presence of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. However, P. vivax is highly prevalent and responsible for approximately 75% malaria infection with limited reports on its genetic diversity. The current study analyzed the genetic diversity of the P. vivax merozoite surface protein 3α and 3β (Pvmsp-3α and β) gene in field isolates of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) from Pakistan. Blood samples (n = 207) were collected from malaria-suspected patients in health care sectors between March and August 2024 for microscopy and DNA extraction. A nested PCR was performed targeting the Pvmsp-3α and Pvmsp-3β genes, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using AluI and PstI restriction enzymes. All microscopically examined samples were positive (207). Among them, PCR assay detected P. vivax in 188/207 (90.82%) samples and P. falciparum in 19/207 (9.18%) samples. Of the PCR-confirmed P. vivax samples, 98/188 (52.13%) and 90/188 (47.87%) were Pvmsp-3α and Pvmsp-3β amplified fragments, showing three and two major allelic variants, respectively. In Pvmsp-3α, the allelic distribution was type A (65/98, 66.33%), type B (11/98, 11.22%), and type C (13/98, 13.27%). Similarly, the allelic frequencies of Pvmsp-3β for type A and B were 69/90 (76.67%) and 21/90 (23.33%), respectively. This exploration of the P. vivax genotypic diversity from AJK is a major contribution to the demonstration of its complexity and polymorphism. The outcomes of the present findings are helpful in understanding the molecular epidemiology of P. vivax and exploring mixed genotype infection for control strategies.
PMOS is a complicated endocrinopathy that affects mutually the breakdown and reproductive systems of women of reproductive age. The occurrence series is from 6.1 to 19.9%, depending on the analytic criteria utilized. Around 80% of women who know about anovulatory infertility are affected by PMOS, which causes multiple stages of disruption to the reproductive axis. According to the evidence, lifestyle changes must be the primary route of treatment for people with PMOS. Numerous lessons have looked at the effect of exercise treatments on reproductive purpose, with results showing that exercise improves menstruation and/or ovulation frequency. The processes through which exercise improves reproductive purpose are underpinned by increased insulin sensitivity. A collection of metabolic abnormalities that are CVD risk factors is present in PMOS. Exercise is helpful, and this is beyond dispute.
Abstract This article investigates how the Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) capability is associated with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) performance and better Banking Management in Gulf financial institutions. Based on a cross-sectional survey of managers in Qatar and Bahrain, study measured GHRM, SDG8 (decent work and economic growth), SDG12 (responsible consumption and production) and SDG13 (climate action) – with control variables bank size, age, ownership form, market share, ESG disclosure—as well as Banking Management. Based on PLS-SEM with boots-trapping, study found that GHRM positively influenced all the SDGs including 8, 12 and 13 and every one of them in turn had positive impact on Banking Management. A relatively weaker alternative direct pathway was found from GHRM to Banking Management, resulting in complementary mediation with the strongest indirect effect coming from SDG 8 then SDG 12 and lastly SDG 13. The model accounted for a good amount of variance in Banking Management. Multi-group analyses indicated largely consistent relationships between the countries, with a stronger SDG 12 pathway in Qatar. Sensitivity tests confirmed the robustness of results. The findings indicate that Green HRM is associated with higher SDG-related performance and that these SDG domains are linked to banking management outcomes, with evidence of complementary indirect associations. Given the cross-sectional and perceptual nature of the data, the results should be interpreted as associational patterns consistent with the proposed mediation logic, rather than as evidence of causal mechanisms.
Background: Smokeless tobacco is widely used in Pakistan, particularly in the form of snuff or naswar, and its direct contact with oral tissues may contribute to dental, periodontal, and mucosal abnormalities. Objective: To assess smokeless tobacco-use patterns, perceptions, oral-hygiene practices, and oral-health findings among smokeless tobacco users attending selected hospitals in Peshawar. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over five months at Naseer Khan Babar Memorial Hospital, Lady Reading Hospital, and Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. A total of 193 smokeless tobacco users were selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire and oral examination with tongue depressors. Frequencies and percentages were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: Most participants were male, 187 (96.9%), and the largest age group was 26–32 years, 59 (30.6%). Snuff was the most common product, used by 153 participants (79.3%). Duration of use was less than 5 years in 86 participants (44.6%) and 6–15 years in 70 (36.3%). Overall, 180 participants (93.3%) perceived smokeless tobacco as harmful to oral health, yet 174 (90.2%) believed it was safer than cigarette smoking. Placement-site lesions were reported in 141 participants (73.1%), while dental caries was the most frequent dental abnormality, affecting 61 (31.6%). Conclusion: Snuff use predominated among participants, and oral lesions, dental abnormalities, and comparative-risk misconceptions were common
