Islamiah College

Industrial robotics cells in battery manufacturing must sustain high throughput without compromising safety under distribution shift and rare failures, yet most digital twins remain data-only, deliver uncalibrated Remaining Useful Life (RUL), or lack runtime safety mechanisms for action. To address these important limitations, we develop a Physics-Informed Bayesian Digital Twin (PI-BDT) that operationalizes a robotics-integrated prognostics-to-control pipeline. Physics-informed networks encode wear/thermal dynamics for robot-impacted stations (e.g., winding cell and calendering/oven interactions) and produce survival-based RUL with decomposed aleatoric/epistemic uncertainty via Bayesian ensembles. A shift-aware calibration loop (drift detection, uncertainty inflation, conformal quantiles) preserves nominal coverage. These distributions drive a conservative-quantile safety layer that enforces an operational risk budget (chance-constraint check) and issues explainable continue/derate/abort commands through an MPC-guided Soft Actor-Critic policy, deployable at the edge with millisecond-level latency and standard shop-floor integration (PLC/MES/ROS). On 200 pilot run-to-failure trajectories plus 500 simulated edge cases, PI-BDT achieves RUL RMSE 9.9 h, MAE 8.0 h, PICP 0.93 (95% intervals) and improves unplanned downtime by 35.2%, OEE by 22.2%, and maintenance cost by 27.4% versus a threshold baseline. The novelty is an auditable, robotics-integrated twin that maps calibrated, physics-consistent RUL to safety-constrained actions robust to shift and rare events, advancing trustworthy, computer-integrated maintenance for robotized production lines.

A series of new Donor-Acceptor-based compounds was designed and synthesized with triphenylamine as the electron-donating unit, and 2-phenylbenzothiazole functionalized with 4-nitrophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-formylphenyl, and 4-trifluoromethylphenyl as acceptors. The photophysical studies reveal efficient intramolecular charge transfer, and the electrochemical analysis indicated irreversible oxidation with relatively lower optical band gaps ranging from 3.09 to 3.15 eV, supporting the compound's potential for effective charge transport. Thin-film morphology studies showed uniform surface coverage and high crystallinity, suggesting well-ordered molecular packing conducive to enhanced charge transport. All synthesized compounds were integrated into memory device architectures, exhibiting non-volatile binary Write-Once-Read-Many (WORM) behavior. The devices demonstrated excellent performance, with data retention stability exceeding 103 s and an endurance capability of up to 100 programming cycles. Among the synthesized compounds, the compound containing the 4formylphenyl group displayed the lowest switching threshold voltage and an ON/OFF current ratio of 103, while the nitro-substituted compound showed the highest ON/OFF ratio of 104, attributed to the strong electronwithdrawing nature of the nitro group. Computational studies supported the experimental findings, indicating that the memory-switching mechanism arises from a synergistic interaction of charge transfer and charge trapping processes.

A series of novel donor-bridge-acceptor (D-π-A) organic small molecules featuring pyridine-functionalized cores was designed, synthesized, and systematically investigated for application in nonvolatile resistive switching memory devices. The molecular framework was tailored via Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling and Wittig-Horner condensation to integrate diverse electron-donating and electron-withdrawing functionalities. The molecular architecture integrated electron-rich units, such as tert-butylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, and dibenzofuran, with strong acceptors, such as cyano and nitroaryl groups, enable fine-tuning of electronic properties through structural asymmetry. Photophysical studies confirmed strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), and electrochemical analysis revealed narrow optical bandgaps of 3.10-3.20 eV. All materials exhibited stable binary memory behavior, with ON/OFF current ratios and retention times exceeding 103 s. Notably, the dibenzofuran-nitrophenyl derivative exhibited superior performance, with a low threshold voltage of -1.11 V and an ON/OFF ratio of 105. Density functional theory (DFT) and electrostatic potential analyses supported a charge transfer-assisted, charge trapping-enabled resistive-switching mechanism. Thin-film morphology and GI-XRD studies further indicated uniform film coverage and crystalline ordering. The tunable donor-acceptor substitution strategy provides valuable insights into molecular design principles for solution-processable, high-performance organic memory devices.

A series of semiconducting π-conjugated metalloporphyrins were synthesized for thin-film organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices. These compounds exhibited p-channel OFET characteristics. The highest charge-carrier mobility of 4.05 cm2V−1 s−1 and Ion/off ratios of 107 were obtained for the compound with copper as a central metal. The computational studies revealed the packing patterns and frontier molecular orbitals, which resulted in an optimum bandgap of 2.77–2.89 eV for these metalloporphyrins and support constant charge ejection during the functioning of the OFET. The higher absorbance, emission, and Stokes shift values are favorable owing to their broad utility. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of fabricated active layers reveals uniform and homogeneous self-assembled films. These outcomes indicate that these metalloporphyrins are promising candidates for effective p-type organic semiconducting transistors. A series of solution-processable triarylamine-based metalloporphyrins showed excellent p-type OFET performance with charge carrier mobilities up to 4.05 cm2V−1 s−1 and a high on/off current ratio of 107. Computational and morphological studies confirmed favorable packing, bandgap, and uniform films, highlighting them as promising candidates for p-type organic semiconducting transistors.