Central University of Tamil Nadu

Rapid urbanisation, infrastructure development, and population growth are transforming India's urban landscapes, accompanied by significant changes in land use and land cover (LULC). While remote sensing has been widely applied to assess LULC change, fewer studies have integrated long-term satellite-based analysis with community perceptions of landscape transformation. This study addresses this gap by examining the spatio-temporal dynamics of LULC in the Kozhikode Urban Area (KUA), India, from 1993 to 2022. Multi-temporal Landsat 5 (1993), Landsat 7 (2001), Landsat 8 (2013), and Landsat 9 (2022) imagery were classified into five LULC categories using Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Post-classification change detection, buffer-gradient analysis, and the Urbanisation Intensity Index were employed to assess urban expansion, complemented by a household survey (100), eight focus group discussions, and ten key-informant interviews. SVM achieved the highest accuracies of 96.74% (1993), 93.46% (2001), 95.56% (2013), and 97.94% (2022). Between 1993 and 2022, the built-up area increased by 107.34 km2, whereas vegetation and agricultural land declined by 93.94 km2 and 11.86 km2, respectively. Urbanisation intensity was highest in the eastern (0.025) and north-eastern (0.024) sectors during 1993-2022. Community perceptions indicated that 95% and 87% of respondents perceived declines in vegetation and agricultural land, respectively, while infrastructure development (0.219) and settlement expansion (0.208) were identified as the leading proximate drivers. The findings demonstrate the value of integrating satellite-derived evidence with community perceptions to provide a more comprehensive understanding of long-term urban landscape transformation and support sustainable land-use planning in the KUA.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 2–3

The development of biocompatible and biodegradable information storage devices represents a significant step toward next-generation, eco-friendly electronics. Bio-based resistive-switching memory devices have been successfully fabricated using the gum of Azadirachta indica and Anacardium occidentale, as well as the latex of Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus altilis, and Calotropis gigantea. The fabricated biomemristor devices, comprising Ag/gum or latex/ITO architecture, exhibited good resistive-switching memory behavior. Remarkably, the gum-based samples demonstrated a moderately high ON/OFF current ratio of 102, whereas the latex-based samples outperformed them with a substantially higher ratio of 103. This study demonstrates the potential for utilizing gum and latex, often regarded as non-essential byproducts, to fabricate functional devices. The switching mechanism for the memory characteristics can be attributed to the formation of conductive filaments caused by the migration of oxygen vacancies and metal ions through the bioactive layer. Additionally, the resulting devices can degrade naturally without harming the surrounding environment. Therefore, this work is a promising platform for the sustainable development of environmentally friendly or green electronic technologies.

This study introduces an integrated method to assess flood inundation and agricultural impact in the flood-prone Ghatal Subdivision, West Bengal, India, from 2016 to 2024. Combining Sentinel-1 (S1) SAR GRD imagery, advanced U-Net deep learning for precise flood mapping, Light Gradient Boosting Machine for flood depth estimation, and farm household survey, the research quantifies flood dynamics and crop losses. Results show that 30–40

Graphite oxide (GO) is a promising material with unique physicochemical properties with a highly attractive feature for a wide range of technological applications. The properties of GO can be tailored by functionalizing the material with interesting electroactive moieties. This work investigates the chemical functionalisation of GO using a catalytically well-known organometallic moiety, i.e., N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) copper complex, and its successful characterisation through spectroscopic techniques. Comprehensive characterisation using FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, and SEM–EDX confirmed successful covalent functionalisation, along with increased lattice disorder, enhanced thermal stability, and uniform Cu distribution across the wrinkled GO sheets. Electrochemical studies using CV, EIS, GCD, and capacitance retention have revealed that the organometallic-functionalized GO could be a potential candidate for a supercapacitor application. Electrochemical studies demonstrated that the Cu-NHC functionalised GO exhibits significantly reduced charge transfer resistance ( 4.8 Ω), fast ionic diffusion, and stable redox reversibility. The hybrid electrode delivered a specific capacitance of 172 F/g with 86