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Plutonium trichloride (PuCl3) was synthesized by a solid-state reaction of plutonium nitride with cadmium chloride. Electrochemical studies of PuCl3–(NaCl–2CsCl) melt at 823–923 K revealed that Pu3+ ions are reduced to Pu metal by a single-step mechanism and that the apparent standard potentials of the Pu3+/Pu0 redox couple are given by E*(Pu3+/Pu0) = − 3.514 + 8.60 × 10−4 T vs. Cl2/Cl− (V). The activity coefficients of Pu3+ ions were determined using the previously reported Gibbs free energy of formation for PuCl3 in the supercooled liquid state.
We investigate the electromagnetic structure of heavy quarkonia and the B_c meson within the light-front quark model (LFQM) to better understand the internal spatial charge distributions and QCD dynamics of heavy mesons. The light-front wave functions (LFWFs) are obtained using a variational approach with a few set of harmonic oscillator basis functions, providing a flexible yet tractable description of the bound-state dynamics. Using these LFWFs, we compute the electromagnetic form factors and compare our results with available lattice QCD data and other model calculations. Our results are roughly consistent with previous model predictions, showing that the electromagnetic radii of the 2S and 3S states are approximately 1.5 times and 1.9 times larger than those of their corresponding 1S states, reflecting the expected growth of spatial size in radial excitations.
Cosmic radiation exposure in both traditional and modern architectural structures has been assessed using the particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS) Monte Carlo simulation, across various ethnic regions of Cameroon. The study was conducted considering traditional architectures associated with ethnic groups in the West (Bamileke), Center (Bafia), South (Fang-Beti), Littoral (Sawa), East (Baka), Northwest (Tikar), and Southwest (Bakweri). The traditional architectures in these regions are primarily constructed using locally available materials such as wood, bamboo, thatch (straw), and mud bricks. Building shielding factors for traditional and modern architectures ranges from 0.964 to 0.999 and from 0.859 to 0.892 with an average value of 0.990 ± 0.009 and 0.872 ± 0.010, respectively, during solar minimum activity. The total average contribution of muons (μ⁺ and μ−) in traditional architectures was found to account for 64
Abstract We present a new method for paleomagnetic investigations, polarized neutron imaging, a non‐destructive magnetic imaging technique benefiting from the high penetration depth and spin of the neutron allowing spatial characterization of the magnetic field within a sample. We showcase the general capabilities of the technique by performing 3D vector tomography reconstructing the full magnetic field inside a 10 mm × 13 mm × 2 mm fragment of the remagnetized Martian meteorite NWA 7034. This was done in preparation for the Mars sample return mission where the orientation of samples on Mars is known. The magnetic field was measured with a spatial resolution of 215 μm and lower field bound of 0.5 mT mm.
Spin transfer torques (STTs) control magnetization by electric currents, enabling a range of nano-scale spintronic applications. They can destabilize the equilibrium magnetization state by counteracting magnetic relaxation. Here we maximize the STT effect through a dedicated growth-annealing protocol for CoFeB thin films, such that magnetic anisotropies originating from the interface and shape almost cancel each other. The nearly isotropic magnets enable low-current dynamical stabilization of the magnetization in the direction opposite to an applied magnetic field, thereby realizing a spintronic analogue of the Kapitza pendulum. In an intermediate current regime, the STT drives large magnetization vector fluctuations that cover the entire Bloch sphere. The continuous variable associated with the stochastic magnetization direction may serve as a resource for probabilistic computing and neuromorphic hardware. Our results establish isotropic magnets as a platform to study as-yet-uncharted, far-from-equilibrium spin dynamics including anti-magnonics, with promising implications for unconventional computing paradigms.
