Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) is the medical school of the Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology situated in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. This institute began offering MBBS courses in medical stream courses in 2007.Its sister institute Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences (KIDS) offers courses in Dental Science.
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are global challenges, with obesity increasing risk of T2DM. Body mass index (BMI), the conventional measure of obesity, may not accurately predict metabolic risk, especially in Asian individuals. Evaluation of alternative anthropometric indices may offer additional approaches for risk assessment. The multicenter, cross-sectional study examined whether anthropometric indices—such as waist, hip, neck, calf, and wrist circumferences, as well as waist–hip, neck–height, and waist–calf ratios—are associated with T2DM in adults with obesity. The study included 750 adults (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) recruited from four endocrinology centers across India. Anthropometric and clinical data were recorded using a standardized electronic form. T2DM was present in 73
Acute chest syndrome (ACS) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) are major factors of morbidity and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile and identify laboratory, radiological, and echocardiographic parameters associated with adverse outcomes in SCD. 120 adults with laboratory-confirmed SCD participated in the study. Clinical assessment, echocardiogram, and relevant laboratory tests were conducted to correlate with patient outcome, and the respective associations were analysed. The study indicated that 32 patients (26.7
[This retracts the article on p. e49461 in vol. 15, PMID: 38152804.].
Background and objectivesEthylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and its salts have been the choice of chelating agents since the 1940s. This review presents an updated details of their synthesis, general biology, ecotoxicological aspects, and applications as antimicrobial and antibacterial agents in combination with natural products.MethodsRelevant research papers were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar through November 2025. Experimental uses of EDTA were excluded. The search terms used were “EDTA” AND “ECOTOXICOLOGY”; “EDTA” AND “GENOTOXICITY”; “EDTA” AND “ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY”; “EDTA” AND “ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY” AND “DENTAL” and “EDTA” AND “ANTICANCER ACTIVITY”, “EDTA IN COMBINATION WITH NATURAL PRODUCTS”.ResultsSodium/calcium salts of EDTA are water soluble, and their antiseptic efficacy is pH-dependent. They are effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as pathogenic yeasts, and adversely affect bacterial cell walls, thereby destabilizing biofilms. Multiple nature-derived compounds and standard antibiotics, in combination with EDTA and other therapeutic agents, minimize biofilms in intravascular and urinary catheters. It chelates various metal ions (including heavy metals) into a redox-inactive state, and thereby reduce their toxicity. Furthermore, it was shown to enhance the antimicrobial and antibacterial efficacy of various natural therapeutics when used together.Interpretation and conclusionsEDTA is a stable, readily available, affordable and comparatively safer chelating agent with antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm properties. EDTA is now found to produce a synergistic effect when combined with natural therapeutics on their antimicrobial/antibiofilm activities. This approach proved fruitful in enhancing the capabilities of natural antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria and in reducing the toxic effects of EDTA.
Background Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) causes severe infections in intensive care units (ICUs), with increased morbidity and mortality. The pathogen exhibits extensive antimicrobial resistance, substantially limiting available therapeutic options. Recently, the emergence of sulbactam-durlobactam, a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination, has renewed interest as a potential treatment option. The study evaluates the clinical and microbiological profile of CRAB isolates, assesses the in vitro efficacy of sulbactam-durlobactam in these isolates, and analyzes key risk factors and clinical outcomes in patients developing CRAB infection. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of six months (July-December 2024) at a tertiary care hospital in Odisha. All clinical specimens were processed for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the VITEK-2 automated system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France). A. baumannii isolates were characterized as CRAB and carbapenem-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii (CSAB). CRAB susceptibility to sulbactam-durlobactam was tested by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and results were interpreted based on the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute 2024 guidelines. Clinical and microbiological data were analyzed by applying appropriate statistical tests, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Among 291 Acinetobacter spp. isolates, 275 (94.5%) were A. baumannii, and out of the 275 A. baumannii, 227 (82.5%) were carbapenem-resistant. Most of the CRAB-infected patients were ≥60 years old (93, 40.9%). All CRAB isolates were multidrug resistant. CRAB cases showed a significantly higher association with multiple comorbidities and risk factors, including hypertension (53.7%, 122/227), diabetes (31.1%, 72/227), malignancy (22.9%, 52/227), renal disease (33.4%, 76/227), surgery/invasive procedures/accident (33.9%, 77/227), lung disease (53.7%, 122/227), liver disease (31.2%, 71/227), bloodstream infection (57.2%, 130/227), and genitourinary infection (61.6%, 140/227) than CSAB cases. Mortality was 40% (91/227) in CRAB. The majority (98.6%, 224/227) of the CRAB isolates showed sensitivity to sulbactam-durlobactam. Conclusions Our study highlights the alarming rise of CRAB in a tertiary care setting in Odisha as an emerging ICU pathogen, particularly among elderly patients. The strong association with comorbidities, risk factors, and multidrug resistance underscores the need for continuous surveillance and targeted interventions. Sulbactam-durlobactam demonstrated promising activity, indicating its potential as an effective therapeutic option.
