Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Medical College and Hospital Brahmapur, Ganjam, Odisha is a government medical college and hospital that started functioning in 1962 as a medical college and 1966 as a hospital. Subsequently, the medical college and the attached hospital were renamed after renowned late Maharaja of Parlakhemundi, Ganjam, Krushna Chandra Gajapati. It also has a college of nursing, which is established in 1983. It is the first nursing college in odisha. Courses available in this college are basic bsc nursing, post basic bsc nursing and msc nursing. Recently in 2019 it introduced a new course CHO(community health officer).
Childhood multimorbidity, defined as the co-occurrence of two or more chronic conditions, is an emerging yet underexplored global health concern. Unlike adult multimorbidity, which is predominantly linked to ageing, childhood multimorbidity affects critical developmental phases, impacting physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being. Despite increasing recognition, its prevalence, correlates, and long-term implications remain inadequately understood. This systematic review aims to synthesize existing evidence on the prevalence, correlates, and outcomes of childhood multimorbidity in the general paediatric population. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL (EBSCO) to identify observational studies published up to May 31, 2024. Studies were included if they reported multimorbidity prevalence among children aged 0–18 years. Owing to high heterogeneity across studies, a meta-analysis was not performed, and the results were synthesized narratively. Nine studies, covering diverse paediatric populations, met the inclusion criteria. The individual study prevalence varied widely, ranging from 1.26
Healthcare associated infections remain a major global health concern because they increase illness, mortality, hospital stay, and healthcare costs. This review provides an updated synthesis of recent evidence on the epidemiology, microbiology, diagnostics, and prevention of healthcare associated infections. These infections arise from patient susceptibility, invasive procedures, antibiotic overuse, contaminated equipment, and poor infection control practices. Device associated infections such as catheter associated urinary tract infection, central line associated bloodstream infection, ventilator associated pneumonia, and surgical site infection are common and often involve multidrug resistant pathogens. Biofilm formation on devices and hospital surfaces creates persistent reservoirs that promote resistance spread. Advances in automated culture systems, rapid molecular assays, metagenomics, and whole genome sequencing improve detection and surveillance. This article integrates evidence from 2020 to 2025 to provide a multidisciplinary framework for understanding and controlling HAIs.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a cornerstone in the management of severe aortic stenosis across a broad spectrum of surgical risk categories. Women undergoing TAVI represent nearly half of all patients, yet they exhibit distinct baseline, anatomical, procedural, and outcome characteristics compared to men. Women are typically older at presentation, have smaller aortic annuli and ilio-femoral vessels, and exhibit distinct patterns of left ventricular remodeling. These anatomical and physiological features influence device selection, procedural strategy, and risk of complications. Despite higher procedural risks – especially vascular and bleeding complications – women demonstrate superior long-term survival after TAVI compared to men. This article provides a comprehensive, women-focused review of TAVI by incorporating evidence from major registries, clinical trials, and recent sex-specific reviews. It explores baseline differences, procedural implications, complications, outcomes, mechanistic explanations, clinical recommendations, and future research priorities, aiming to highlight the need for a women-centric approach to TAVI.
Background: Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is a primary myocardial disorder characterised by left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction without an identifiable aetiology. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), encoded by the NOS3 gene, maintains myocardial vasomotor tone and cardiomyocyte homeostasis through nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. The Glu298Asp (rs1799983) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) alters eNOS stability and enzyme function, yet its association with IDCM in Eastern India remains unexplored. Aims and Objectives: To investigate the association between the eNOS Glu298Asp SNP and susceptibility to IDCM, and to correlate genotype-specific variation in serum NO levels, eNOS enzyme activity, and echocardiographic parameters. Methods: This hospital-based case-control study enrolled 133 IDCM patients and 133 age- and sex-matched healthy controls at MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha (February 2021 – December 2022). Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP using the BanII restriction enzyme. Serum NO was measured by the Griess reagent method and eNOS activity in platelet-rich plasma by colorimetric assay. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, logistic regression, ANOVA, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) testing. Results: The TT (Asp/Asp) genotype was significantly more frequent in cases (21.1%) than controls (7.5%; OR=4.08, 95% CI: 1.82–9.18; p<0.001). Under the dominant model (GT+TT vs. GG), the variant carrier state was associated with a 1.97-fold increased risk (p=0.007). The T allele frequency was higher in cases (42.5%) than controls (27.4%; OR=1.95, p<0.001). TT homozygotes showed significantly lower LVEF, lower serum NO, reduced eNOS activity, higher BNP and CRP, and worse functional status. All genotype distributions conformed to HWE. Conclusion: The eNOS Glu298Asp SNP is significantly associated with IDCM susceptibility in the Eastern Indian population, with the T (Asp) allele and TT genotype conferring substantially elevated risk. Variant genotype carriers demonstrate impaired eNOS function and more severe left ventricular dysfunction, implicating this polymorphism in the pathogenesis of IDCM.
