Kalna College, established in 1943, is a college in Kalna, Purba Bardhaman district. It offers undergraduate courses in arts, commerce and sciences. It is affiliated to University of Burdwan.
Recent measurements by the Belle II Collaboration report a branching ratio for the decay B+-* K+vv & strns; with a 3.56 significance and deviating by 2.76 from Standard Model expectation. In this article, we interpret this experimental result through the lens of a nonminimal universal extra dimensional model, where the mass profiles and interactions among various Kaluza-Klein states differ remarkably from those in the minimal scenario. Our analysis indicates that, according to the model's parameters, the lower limit on the inverse of the compactification radius has been elevated to approximately 900 GeV. In contrast, conducting the same analysis within the model variant in which all boundary terms are nullified does not permit the determination of a lower bound on the inverse compactification radius.
This study assesses the profitability of five selected public sector undertakings (NTPC, Powergrid, NHPC, SJVN, NLC) in the Indian power sector from 2003-04 to 2017-18. Utilizing financial ratios like Operating Profit Ratio (OPR), Net Profit Ratio (NPR), and Return on Net Worth (RONW), the research analyzed their financial health. Data was sourced from Capitaline. Findings indicate SJVN Ltd. consistently demonstrated superior average profitability, while Powergrid exhibited high consistency. NTPC showed declining trends in some ratios. Overall, SJVN emerged as the most profitable, followed by Powergrid and NTPC (tied), NLC, and NHPC, guiding company performance insights for stakeholders.
The global population increased rapidly and was expected to reach about 16.46 billion by 2050. At the same time, the amount of arable land per person decreased, creating an urgent need to rethink fertilizer use and find innovative ways to ensure food security. To address this challenge, researchers developed phosphate-based glass fertilizers using a melt-quenching method. The process involved heating various batch compositions to around 750°C for 30 minutes to form a new class of fertilizers designed to enhance crop yield, improve nutrient efficiency, and reduce environmental harm through controlled nutrient release. The prepared glass fertilizers were thoroughly examined using advanced analytical methods such as atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV) to study their chemical and structural properties. Phosphate content was measured through a standardized gravimetric technique using quimocia reagent, ensuring precise and reliable results. To test their agricultural performance, controlled pot experiments were conducted on sesame plants. Growth parameters such as plant length, grain size, and grain weight were compared with those obtained using conventional fertilizers. The results, presented in graphical and tabular forms, showed that the glass fertilizers significantly improved crop growth and productivity. Overall, the study demonstrated that phosphate-based glass fertilizers had great potential to increase crop yield, enhance nutrient use efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution. These findings highlighted their promise in promoting sustainable agricultural practices that balance food production with environmental protection and social responsibility, while emphasizing the need for continued research and optimization of these innovative fertilizers.
The group SL(2,ℍ) naturally acts on the extended quaternionic plane ℍ∪{∞} which is conformally identified with the 4-sphere S^4 , through quaternionic Möbius transformations. In this paper, we revisit the algebraic characterization of SL(2,ℍ) and identify a particular case that has not been fully addressed in the existing literature. We obtain a complete characterization of the isometries in SL(2,ℍ) and PSL(2,ℍ) , providing a unified and systematic classification. Our approach employs geometric and analytic methods to address the exceptional case and thereby completes the existing characterization of the group.
The excessive application of conventional fertilisers often results in rapid nutrient loss, low nutrient-use efficiency, and adverse environmental impacts. To address these challenges, phosphate-based glass fertilisers were synthesised using the conventional melt-quenching technique as environmentally sustainable slow-release nutrient sources. The glass compositions were melted at 750–800 °C with a soaking period of 30 min and rapidly quenched to produce homogeneous amorphous glass fertilisers. Five glass formulations (GS-1 to GS-5) containing essential macro- and micronutrients were prepared and evaluated for baby corn (Zea mays L.) cultivation in alluvial soil in a pot-culture experiment arranged in a completely randomised design (CRD) at Ambika Kalna (23.2175° N, 88.3525° E) during the winter season of 2025. The synthesised phosphate glass fertilisers exhibited controlled dissolution behaviour, enabling the gradual release of essential nutrients, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), and molybdenum (Mo), throughout the crop growth period. Soil analyses revealed significantly higher nutrient retention in alluvial soil than in laterite soil due to its superior nutrient-buffering capacity. Among the developed formulations, GS-4 and GS-5 demonstrated the most sustained nutrient-release characteristics, leading to enhanced nutrient availability, improved plant uptake, and reduced nutrient leaching. Baby corn cultivated with the glass fertilisers showed improved growth performance and nutrient utilisation without causing significant alterations in soil pH, confirming the environmental compatibility and agronomic effectiveness of the developed materials. The findings demonstrate that phosphate glass fertilisers synthesised by the melt-quenching method can serve as efficient slow-release fertilisers, improving nutrient-use efficiency while minimising nutrient losses and environmental contamination. These environmentally sustainable glass fertilisers offer a promising alternative to conventional fertilisers for baby corn production and have considerable potential for application in precision agriculture and long-term sustainable crop management.
