Kazakh National Medical University is a university in Almaty, Kazakhstan. It was established in 1931, and the first rector was S.D. Asfendiyarov. In 2001, the government classified it as a "national" university.The university has a student population of 11,000 students and PhD students study at KazNMU, and 1500 faculty members.
The study is devoted to the systematic analysis of urological and andrological morbidity among the male population in selected European (Germany, France, Italy, Poland) and Turkic countries (Turkey, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan) with a focus on assessing the role of laboratory diagnostics in the early detection, monitoring, and prediction of clinical forms of pathology. The purpose of the study is to establish a link between the prevalence of urological diseases and the level of development of laboratory infrastructure and to determine the effectiveness of routine, biochemical and molecular genetic methods. The methodological framework includes a content analysis of data from the European Association of Urology, the World Health Organisation, National urological registries, and laboratory reports, an epidemiological analysis of morbidity among men over 50 years of age, and a comparative assessment of the diagnostic capabilities of the public and private sectors. Higher prevalence rates of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (up to 42.5
Hemispherotomy is an effective surgical option for children with drug-resistant epilepsy originating from a single hemisphere. This paper details the first experience using a navigated augmented reality (AR) system to guide a vertical parasagittal hemispherotomy by Delalande. Twelve consecutive patients with a median age of 6.5 years (range 1 to 17 years) underwent the procedure between 2022 and 2023. The patient pathologies included Rasmussen encephalitis, congenital cortical malformations, post-stroke epilepsy, post-inflammatory changes, and Sturge-Weber syndrome, Two of the patients had previously undergone an incomplete disconnection surgery elsewhere. The preoperative evaluation included clinical examinations, video EEG monitoring, and MRI scans. All surgeries used AR guidance in the microscopes field of view established by the neuronavigation system (Brainlab, Germany). Intraoperative AR guidance enhanced the visualization of anatomical structures, which was particularly helpful in cases of congenital malformations where pathological brain tissue narrowed the surgical corridor. Two patients (16.7
BACKGROUND:Patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) are at risk for recurrent stroke. Low factor XI levels are associated with a reduced risk of ischemic stroke. Asundexian inhibits activated factor XI. Whether the addition of asundexian to antiplatelet therapy would be superior to antiplatelet therapy alone for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke is unclear. METHODS:In this phase 3, double-blind trial, we randomly assigned patients within 72 hours after the onset of a noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA to receive asundexian (50 mg once daily) or placebo, in addition to planned dual or single antiplatelet therapy. Patients had at least one of the following: a nonlacunar infarct on imaging, a history of atherosclerosis, or evidence of atherosclerotic plaque at any location on cerebrovascular imaging. The primary efficacy outcome was ischemic stroke. The composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke was a key secondary outcome. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding. RESULTS:Among 12,327 patients who underwent randomization (6162 to the asundexian group and 6165 to the placebo group), the incidence of ischemic stroke was lower in the asundexian group than in the placebo group (6.2% vs. 8.4%; cause-specific hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.84; P<0.001). The incidence of the composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke was lower in the asundexian group than in the placebo group. The incidence of major bleeding was similar in the asundexian group and the placebo group (1.9% and 1.7%, respectively; cause-specific hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.44). The incidence of adverse events was 69.3% in the asundexian group and 70.1% in the placebo group; the incidence of serious adverse events was 19.2% and 19.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Among patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA treated with antiplatelet therapy, asundexian at a daily dose of 50 mg resulted in lower risks of ischemic stroke and major cardiovascular events than placebo, without a higher risk of major bleeding. (Funded by Bayer; OCEANIC-STROKE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05686070.).
To date, the phytochemical composition of the aerial parts of Nanophyton iliense U.P. Pratov has not been comprehensively investigated. In the present study, qualitative metabolite profiling of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts was performed using liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-QToF-MS) operating in both positive and negative electrospray ionization modes. A total of 81 metabolites were tentatively identified based on accurate mass measurements, MS/MS fragmentation patterns obtained in all-ion MS/MS mode, and comparison with previously reported literature data. The detected compounds included hydroxycinnamic acid amides, phenolic acids, flavonoids (including glycosides), amino acids, organic acids, sulfated derivatives, and nucleosides. Among them, the flavonoid narcissin (isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside) was isolated from the extract, and its structure was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy supported by COSY, HSQC, and HMBC experiments. Additionally, a compound with the molecular formula C17H14O5 was detected; however, its structure could not be conclusively established based on the available spectroscopic data and is therefore reported as an unidentified metabolite. The present study provides the first systematic qualitative characterization of the metabolite profile of N. iliense and establishes a foundation for future quantitative and bioactivity-oriented investigations of this species.
Background: Primary extracranial meningiomas are rare neoplasms that may arise without intracranial or dural involvement and are frequently misdiagnosed as benign scalp lesions. Lack of routine histopathological evaluation of excised scalp masses may delay diagnosis of rare tumors. Case Presentation: We report a 28-year-old woman with a recurrent left parieto-occipital scalp mass associated with positional headache and intermittent vertigo. She had undergone prior excision of a similar lesion five months earlier without histopathological examination and was lost to follow-up. Examination revealed a firm, mobile subcutaneous mass. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a well-circumscribed extracranial lesion without intracranial extension or dural attachment. The patient underwent complete en bloc excision. Intraoperatively, the lesion was highly vascular. Histopathology confirmed a World Health Organization Grade I meningothelial meningioma with epithelial membrane antigen and progesterone receptor positivity and a low Ki-67 index (~2%). At one-year follow-up, the patient remained recurrence-free with complete symptom resolution. Conclusion: This case highlights a diagnostic pitfall in which the omission of histopathological evaluation following initial excision led to the delayed diagnosis of a primary extracranial scalp meningioma. It emphasizes that imaging alone is insufficient to exclude rare neoplasms and underscores the need for routine pathological examination of all excised scalp lesions to prevent misdiagnosis and recurrence.
