Khandra College, is the Honours and General Degree College in Khandra, in the Paschim Bardhaman district, West Bengal, India. It offers Undergraduate Courses in Arts, Commerce and Science. It is affiliated to Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol. It was established in 1981.
The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development was launched to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) across the globe. This paper is based on the primary database to assess the nutritional status of 5–10 years children and the incidence of deprivation in their households of a backward district (Purulia), India in the context of the first two SDGs, e.g., no poverty and zero hunger. We conclude that around 74% of children are undernourished. The proportion of households multidimensionally deprived is 90%, and the majority of them live on less than $1.25 a day. Results reveal that the BMI of mother and the education of father are the two most statistically significant predictors of child malnutrition. Purulia has long been witnessing the persistent nature of deprivation, which is well reflected in the child’s health. The district is quite far from the national targets in achieving the SDGs. Government, private sector, and civil society must come together to accelerate the progress of SDGs.
Soil erosion is an important factor of topsoil adversity which diminishes the productive agricultural land's fertility. Throughout the world, erosion of soil is a very serious problem that lowers nutrients, makes water less clean, and causes silt to build up in bodies of water. The primary contributor to soil erosion is the activities of humans, which include degradation of the soil, enhanced productivity in agriculture, and other consequences. It can help with management and conservation efforts to look at how soil erosion affects a watershed. By using models, we can get a precise and scientific way to measure how much sediment is released and how much soil is washed away in different situations. The current study uses Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) technique, GIS and RS (Remote Sensing) techniques to track loss of soil in Kopai River basin in eastern part of India. Digital elevation models (DEMs), soil maps, rainfall maps, land use and land cover maps are some of data sources used to pinpoint areas particularly vulnerable to soil erosion. On an annual basis, the basin eliminates an estimated 681.72 tons of topsoil. To determine the level of severity of soil displacement, the trial basin was grouped into five distinct categories: very high (2.15%), high (5.1%), moderate (16.9%), low (34.65%), and very low (41.20%). Nearly 92.75% of the region belonged to very low to medium erosion zone. The results of RUSLE model validation show soil erosion is more severe in the Kopai River basin's upstream watershed area. Result of this research has important implications for watershed development projects and the preservation of soil management techniques in the region.
The majority of people on the earth bank largely on groundwater to quench their thirst. In the era of rapid population growth, the over-exploitation of groundwater gives rise to water scarcity, and people find themselves in distress to manage safe drinking water. In this backdrop, the present study is carried out in the terrain of Pre-Cambrian igneous and high- to low-graded metamorphic rocks, to assess the groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) and evaluation of groundwater quality. The map of GWPZ is produced employing the multi-criteria decision-making model and geospatial technology. It unveils that around 29
A highly visible form of soil erosion is gully, a significant geomorphological feature, resulting from water erosion and causing land degradation and deterioration. In arid and semi-arid environment, gully erosion is conceived as an important source of sediment supply washing out the top fertile soil and exposing lower soil layers. The present study is conducted on the lateritic terrain of Rupai watershed of eastern plateau fringe of India, where water erosion is a serious concern. In order to prepare a gully erosion vulnerability mapping, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model coupled with geospatial technology is adopted taking into account thirteen bio-physical factors. It is revealed that around 49% area of the watershed belongs to high to very high gully erosion vulnerability zone (GEVZ) followed by moderate risk zone of 31.64%. This model is validated performing an accuracy assessment, which is calculated to be 90.91%, and the value of Kappa co-efficient is 0.86. It is imperative to estimate the average annual soil loss alongside of delineating GEVZ; thus, the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model is used with geospatial technology. It unveils that the average estimated soil loss of the watershed varies from < 15 to 431 t ha-1 y-1. Around 29% of the study area experiences high to very high (57 to > 147 t ha-1 y-1) soil erosion risk, where 68% area endures low level of soil erosion risk (< 15 t ha-1 y-1). The study of gully morphology depicts gully depth ranging from < 1 to 5 m (small to medium gully) with V and U shapes. Results obtained from this study may help in planning and management of land use and soil erosion conservation.
Abstract Gully erosion is conceived as one of the environmental problems resulting mainly from surface run-off and associated geo-physical factors. This erosion augments the process of land degradation. To identify the major factors responsible in this process and their assessment in preparation of gully erosion susceptibility mapping, the geospatial technology has been a huge support for earth scientists for decades. Proper analysis and assessment of satellite images employing multi-criteria decision making models facilitates the estimation of areas of soil erosion and gully formation. The present study, carried out in eastern plateau fringe of India using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS), and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model to assess zones susceptible to gully erosion. The study reveals around 52% area of Rupai basin experiences moderate to very high gully erosion, and the model is validated performing an accuracy assessment, which is computed as 72.72%. The factors are hold major responsible factors in soil erosion and gully formation are geomorphology, slope, Land Use and Land Cove (LULC), soil and Stream Power Index (SPI). Sites, such as Kutidih, Mahakudar and Kuki experience loss of soil approximately 6.09, 40.96, and 1.40 tonne respectively. The generated gully erosion susceptibility map may help in planning and management of soil and water conservation.
