Kharkiv National Medical University (Ukrainian: Харківський національний медичний університет), formerly known as Kharkiv Medical Institute and previously Kharkiv State Medical University, is a medical university in Kharkiv, Ukraine. In March 2022 many buildings were heavily damaged due to the Russian invasion into Ukraine.Over 700 teachers work at the departments of the university. Staff capacity is 5 corresponding members NAMN Ukraine, 17 Honoured Scientist of Ukraine, 2 Honored high school Ukraine, 13 distinguished doctors of Ukraine, 8 winners of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Engineering, 28 academicians of the public academies of Ukraine, 28 employees - Member of International Medical Associations;. Since 1951, the University has been training medical personnel for countries of the Eastern Europe, China and Mongolia, and since 1961 it has been training students from other countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. At present, there are about 3400 foreign students in the Kharkiv National Medical University who study at the Preparatory Department, Medical, Nursing and Dental Faculties, undergo postgraduate and clinical post-graduate (residency) courses as well as professional probation at departments of the University in Dental, therapy, orthopedics, surgery, oncology, urology, psychiatry, ophthalmology, obstetrics and gynecology, as well as other medical specialties. The University has trained over 5000 specialists for 86 states of Europe, Asia, Latin America, Middle East countries. Among them there are 3 Doctors and 70 Candidates of Medical Science, about 200 clinical post-graduates (residents).
Metabolic inflammation, or metaflammation, has emerged as a unifying mechanism linking cardiovascular and endocrine disorders. This narrative review aimed to synthesize mechanistic, clinical, and therapeutic evidence on how inflammation bridges these domains and to explore prospects for a unified therapeutic framework. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for English-language articles published between 2010 and 2024, yielding 256 relevant articles, of which 115 were included after detailed screening. Studies addressing adipose tissue inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis, innate immune activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, clinical biomarkers, and anti-inflammatory therapies were analyzed. Evidence demonstrates that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation, inflammasome activation, and mitochondrial oxidative stress form shared pathogenic nodes across cardiovascular and endocrine diseases. Clinical correlates, including biomarkers such as IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA), and exosomes, provide diagnostic and prognostic insights, while therapeutic convergence has been highlighted by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and IL-1β-targeted interventions. Lifestyle modifications such as Mediterranean diets, microbiota-directed therapies, and intermittent fasting further reinforce dual-organ protection. Despite significant advances, limitations remain in translating multi-omics discoveries, biomarker integration, and systems pharmacology into routine practice. Current evidence underscores the need for prospective trials incorporating inflammatory phenotyping, composite cardio-endocrine outcomes, and patient-centered endpoints. Research gaps include the lack of standardized biomarkers, insufficient inclusion of diverse populations, and limited mechanistic insights from physiologically relevant models such as organ-on-chip (OoC) systems and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived organoids. Future studies must prioritize precision-medicine approaches and integrated care models to reduce the global burden of cardio-endocrine disease.
Imperforate hymen is a rare neonatal anomaly that can cause hydrocolpos and urinary obstruction. We report a newborn girl who presented on day three with abdominal distension and was found to have severe hydrocolpos from an imperforate hymen, leading to bilateral hydronephrosis but with preserved renal function. A hymenal incision effectively drained the accumulated secretions, resulting in rapid clinical improvement and complete resolution on follow-up imaging. Hydrocolpos occurs due to fluid accumulation behind a vaginal obstruction such as an imperforate hymen, and early recognition is essential to prevent complications like hydronephrosis and renal impairment. In this case, timely imaging and focused examination enabled prompt hymenotomy and immediate decompression. This highlights the importance of clinical suspicion, early imaging, and careful genital examination in female neonates. Neonatal imperforate hymen can cause significant hydrometrocolpos and hydronephrosis, emphasizing the need for early recognition and intervention.
Abstract The kidney–brain axis represents a bidirectional pathophysiological link between chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), and blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. CKD affects over 800 million individuals globally and is associated with accelerated cognitive decline, stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review synthesizes evidence that uremic toxins, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, hormonal dysregulation (erythropoietin deficiency, RAAS activation), and gut dysbiosis converge to impair BBB integrity via tight junction degradation, endothelial activation, and pericyte–astrocyte decoupling. These alterations facilitate neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, and leukocyte infiltration, contributing to the pathogenesis of stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and CKD-associated leukoencephalopathy. Hemodialysis-induced osmotic shifts and sleep fragmentation further exacerbate BBB and glymphatic dysfunction. Preserving BBB integrity through uremic toxin reduction, anti-inflammatory strategies, RAAS inhibition, and lifestyle interventions (e.g., exercise) emerges as a critical therapeutic goal. Future research must prioritize biomarker validation (claudin-5, S100B), neuroimaging correlations, and targeted BBB-protective therapies to mitigate neurological morbidity in renal disease.
INTRODUCTION:One of the factors of successful study in a higher educational institution is the psycho-emotional state of a student, including medical students. The military events taking place in Ukraine since 2022 have not only economic, humanitarian and technogenic consequences, they also affect the physical and mental health, well-being of each person, especially in the territories bordering the conflict. In connection with the above, we decided to set the goal of our study to determine the comparison of the development of the psychological state of medical students and cadets of a law enforcement university in conditions of active military aggression. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study included medical students and law enforcement university cadets from Kharkiv and Odessa which have constant attacks from February, 2022. All students were divided into two groups depending on educational profile. All students were referred by team of psychologists; such methodology was used as clinical and anamnestic method; to assess the presence of depression in students, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and GAD-7 scale for generalized anxiety disorder. RESULTS:The period of dramatic events of the military conflict in Ukraine is determined by the deterioration of the psychological state of medical students and law enforcement university cadets. When determining the level of depression, no significant difference is determined between the number of students relative to each level according to the MADRS scale for students and cadets, but the average MADRS score of medical students is significantly higher (9.72±1.40) than the average score of cadets (5.07±1.14), p<0.05. Most cadets (50.86%) had a minimal level of anxiety according to the GAD-7 test, while only 40.00% of medical students had such a level. A high level of anxiety was determined in 8.33% of medical students and 3.43% of cadets (p<0.05). There is significant amount of students with moderate-high level of anxiety (60.00% for medical students and 49.14% for law enforcement cadets), p<0.05. Also, the mean score of the GAD-7 scale was significantly lower in enforcement cadets (5.29±0.69) than in medical students (7.02±0.73), p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS:There is close correlation between indicators of depression and anxiety (r=0.71 for medical students and r=0.54 for law enforcement cadets) that was estimated after in both groups. Involving students and cadets in physical, social or scientific activities for more than 5 hours per week has a positive effect and is characterized by a feedback loop for both the level of depression and the level of anxiety. The organization of psychological support for students in crisis situations, ensuring the provision of medical and psychological assistance, and the dissemination of information should be taken into account in the organizational algorithm in the event of possible further occurrence of humanitarian, environmental, or technogenic crises.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains associated with high mortality and treatment variability. Current workflows rely on fragmented imaging interpretation and operator-dependent surgical planning. The objective was to develop and validate an agentic artificial intelligence (AI) framework integrating automated imaging analysis, guideline-based reasoning, and trajectory optimization for ICH treatment. Fifty consecutive computed tomography (CT) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) datasets from patients with spontaneous ICH were retrospectively analyzed. The system performed multi-class anatomical segmentation of skin, skull, brain, ventricles, and hematoma, followed by volumetric quantification and JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) based structured encoding of imaging biomarkers. A knowledge-based module incorporating international ICH guidelines generated risk stratification and treatment recommendations. When evacuation was indicated, an automated trajectory modeling module proposed a patient-specific minimally invasive surgical corridor. Overall agreement between AI-generated and expert treatment recommendations was 82
