Blast furnace slag fine powder with specific surface areas of 6000 and 4000 cm2/g was substituted for regular cement in proportions ranging from 0
Climate change is one of the most serious issues in the recent world. Climate change is known as caused by the increase of carbon dioxide and many countries are forced to take measures. The first big measure was the Paris Agreement in 2015, and many countries joined the agreement. According to the agreement, many of the countries declared major shifts, such as the shift to electric vehicles in the car industry. The biggest concern about climate change at this moment is the rise of the temperature and it causes more death by heat stroke in summer. It also causes more usage of air conditioning systems and emits more carbon dioxide. It became a serious vicious circle. For that reason, it is important to analyze the mechanism of the human thermal sensation, which can be affected by the environmental history of the person, such as the residential area, the length of stay, and so on. In addition, it is expected that the effect of these histories especially appears strongly outdoors. For that reason, the outdoor experiment targeting short-term residents was carried out in Bangkok. For the experiment, 5 measuring points were selected. As a result, a different tendency was grasped at one of the measuring points with an open sky.
In recent years, many researchers have focused on the urban heat island, caused mainly by the increase in the artificial ground due to the development in urban areas. Several mitigation techniques have been utilized to reduce the temperature of the surrounding microclimate by installing green spaces in urban areas. To obtain greater benefits, the establishment of large-scale green spaces such as urban parks is more effective. However, designing urban parks in a big city is economically not efficient according to the limited land area and its high price. For that reason, roof and wall greening are one of the alternatives. Looking at the conditions in Japan, some areas with greens exist in the city, not parks but shrines. Shrines are religious landmarks based on the religion called Shinto. Shrines are often religiously and publicly protected and preserved in Japan. However, according to the lack of successors, or decrease in the surrounding population, or financial difficulties, the number is decreasing. The purpose of this study is to clarify the temperature -mitigating effect of the greens in a shrine and reevaluate it by the aspects of both cultural and environmental sides for future preservation. For this study, a shrine called Hakozakigu was targeted. It is a cultural heritage and also a huge green area that connects the seashore and the city center. The measurement was carried out in the summer of 2021. As a result, the mechanism of the temperature mitigating effect by the shrine was clarified.
Neural networks are extensively developed for the deep learning and intelligent processing. To improve the performance of neural networks, the biological inspired neural networks are often studied for artificial neural networks. Models for motion processing in the biological systems have been used, which consist of the symmetric networks with quadrature functions of Gabor filters. This paper proposes a model of the bio-inspired asymmetric neural networks with nonlinear characteristics, which are the squaring and rectification functions. These functions are observed in the retinal and visual cortex networks. In this paper, the proposed asymmetric network with Gabor filters and the conventional energy model are compared from the orthogonality characteristics. To show the role of the orthogonality in the feature space, tracking characteristics to input stimulus are experimented. Then, the orthogonality basis functions create better tracking results. Thus, asymmetric structure of the network and its nonlinear characteristics are shown to be effective factors for generating orthogonality.
The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate ultimate strength of a concrete shell by applying reduction parameter to the linear critical load. Generally a concrete shell could show rather higher rigidity and load-carrying capacity than the other shell and spatial structures, such as lattice dome and tension structures. However the estimation for the ultimate strength of a concrete shell could be faced and accompanied with many difficult problems as for how to select the reliable analysis among rather complicated nonlinear numerical analysis and for how to prepare an effective model among much expensive experiments. In this paper the easy and convenient method to evaluate the ultimate strength of a concrete shell was investigated by applying stability analysis based on the Dulacska’s Revised Version of IASS Recommendation and by operating reduction parameters with several kinds of initial imperfection. As for a concrete shell kinds of materials were investigated, where one was a standard reinforced concrete by steel bar reinforcing. These results were discussed based on the failure numerical ones.
