Within-person neuroanatomical changes and neurocognitive decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) differ from those observed in healthy older adults. Given the overlapping clinical presentations of MCI and mild AD, along with their differences, tailored and consecutive neuropsychological assessments can be required to determine the financial capacity of those with MCI and mild AD. The current literature on financial capacity lacks a comprehensive conceptual framework, and assessment tools often possess inadequate psychometric properties, focusing primarily on cognitive dysfunctions to determine financial capacity. Moreover, few longitudinal studies have been published to date, and the diversity of various cultural groups is underrepresented. Hence, we aim to provide a review of financial capacity assessment in MCI and mild AD, considering neuroanatomical, neuropsychiatric, and neuropsychological correlates, while defining and differentiating financial capacity from competency to identify limitations and gaps in the literature. Furthermore, we highlight clinical and methodological issues: (A) in evaluating financial capacity; (B) in recognizing cognitive markers of risk for financial exploitation; and (C) in assessment methods, from screening to comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. We also provide a summary of assessment scales used and practical recommendations for practice and future research direction.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in over 705 million infections and 7 million deaths, underscoring the importance of understanding disease behavior across diverse environments. As NASA, SpaceX, and ISRO prepare for more frequent missions, managing health risks for astronauts and space tourists is essential. Objective: This study reviews the literature on airborne infections in space, identifies research gaps, and establishes preparedness strategies for potential COVID-19 outbreaks during space missions. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies examining airborne infectious diseases in space. To compare these findings with Earth-based data, pathogen safety data sheets were used. A separate systematic review was conducted to explore similarities between COVID-19 and the identified airborne infectious diseases. A comparative approach was used to predict COVID-19’s potential behavior in microgravity. Existing guidelines for managing airborne diseases in space and on Earth were reviewed and compared to develop a set of preparedness recommendations for COVID-19 in space. Results: Nine airborne infectious diseases occurring in space were identified. Six tentative effects of COVID-19 in a microgravity environment were theorized in this study. We propose recommendations to improve current space travel health guidelines and address the identified risks. Conclusions: The results of this study will change the course of human space exploration by assisting in the protection of space travelers and guiding the development of new protocols that include comprehensive safety features.
Intimate partner violence (IPV)-strangulation is a significant risk factor for lethality, brain injury, stroke, and mental health issues. As first responders, police officers are well positioned to offer life-saving interventions by identifying strangulation and making referrals to healthcare. However, strangulation training is uncommon, and many strangulation incidents are undetected by police. The current study explored what police officers (n = 71) in British Columbia understand about the risks of IPV-strangulation and when they would refer a victim-survivor for a medical-forensic exam. While officers understood strangulation as a high-risk factor, training is needed to enhance understanding of the importance of medical-forensic exams.
In recent years, Canada’s international education system has undergone substantial restructuring, significantly altering pathways from post-secondary education to employment and permanent residency. This paper examines Punjabi international students’ aspired post-graduation trajectories in British Columbia during a period of rapid policy change. While existing work on Punjabi international students has documented recruitment pathways and in-program experiences, less attention has been paid to what happens at the point of exit, particularly under conditions of rapid policy changes. Drawing on mixed methods data, including a survey of 212 students and 14 in-depth interviews across four public post-secondary institutions, we analyze how students navigate shifting eligibility requirements and labour market expectations at the point of exit from post-secondary education. Using the lenses of governmentality and biopower, we conceptualize the post-graduation transition as a governed site where students are continually sorted through changing administrative criteria and where responsibility for managing volatility is displaced onto individuals. The findings reveal that students’ aspired post-graduate decisions and trajectories are influenced more by changing immigration and eligibility rules than by job prospects because these policies often reclassify their work/credentials as (in)eligible. By centering post-graduation transition as a critical yet underexamined site of governance in the education–migration system, this study contributes to scholarship on international education and migration and underscores the need for more stable and just policy frameworks that better align international education, labour market outcomes, and immigration objectives.
