Lagos State University Teaching Hospital popularly known as LASUTH is a state-owned teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, attached to the Lagos State University. It is in Ikeja – the state's capital.LASUTH also shares structures with the College of Medicine, Lagos State University. The hospital was established in 1955 from a small cottage health centre by the Old western region. It was converted to a teaching hospital in July 2001.
Background:Automated brain tumor segmentation on multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is crucial in assessing patient outcomes and remains a challenge across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Since 2012, the Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge has evaluated state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) methods to detect, characterize, and classify tumors. However, it is unclear if these methods can generalize, and hence be widely implemented, in SSA populations. To address this, the BraTS-Africa challenge was conducted in 2023 and 2024 to evaluate population-specific AI models for automated segmentation of brain tumors on mpMRI from the region. Methods:Preoperative T1-weighted, T1-contrast enhanced, T2-weighted, and T2-FLAIR brain MRI scans of 115 patients diagnosed with adult diffuse glioma were curated, annotated, and utilized for the Challenge. Participants were invited to develop and validate their methods. The participating teams were evaluated using weighted Dice Score Coefficient (DSC) and 95% Hausdorff Distance (HD95). Results:In the 2023 challenge a total of 9 teams with participants from 12 countries met the submission criteria and were ranked. The 2024 challenge featured 6 teams from 7 countries. Compared to 2023, the six top ranked methods from 2024 had higher DSC (9.4%) and lower HD95 (57.21%). Conclusions:Together, the 2023 and 2024 challenges provided a unique opportunity to include brain mpMRI glioma cases from SSA in global efforts to develop and evaluate AI methods for the detection of glioma boundaries and their quantification, where the potential of AI solutions to transform healthcare into resource-limited settings is more likely.
Objective: In vitro study compared the efficacy in remineralizing initial caries of dentifrice containing natural hydroxyapatite (natHAP), synthetic HAP (synHAP), and fluoride. Methods: Initial carious lesions were created on 105 bovine enamel blocks by 4-day demineralization in a microbial caries model inoculated and fed 3× daily with 10% sucrose (6 min/episode). The caries-bearing blocks were stratified across seven treatment groups (N = 15/group); 20% nat-nHAP tooth powder, 20% nat-nHAP toothpaste, 30% nat-nHAP toothpaste, 20% nat-microHAP toothpaste, 15% syn-nHAP, fluoride (1100 ppm) toothpaste (NaF), and artificial saliva (AS) were used, and the groups were subjected to 28-day remineralization using a standardized pH cycling model with a daily regimen consisting of three 2 min toothpaste slurry treatments and one 2 h acidic challenge, and AS storage for the rest of the day. Surface microhardness of each block was measured after demineralization and after remineralization. Statistical analyses were performed using a paired t-test and Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Results: All groups induced significant (p < 0.001) remineralization. The %Rem was significantly lower for AS (9.61 ± 6.17%) than 30% nat-nHAP (29.21 ± 16.47%) and fluoride (27.05 ± 10.9%) toothpastes. There were no significant differences in %Rem among the natHAP formulations or between natHap and synHAP formulations. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, dentifrices based on natHAP or synHAP have comparable efficacy to standard fluoride toothpaste in remineralizing initial caries.
INTRODUCTION:Nephrotic syndrome (NS), a common glomerular disease in children, is classified based on response to corticosteroid therapy as either steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), or steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). However, there are no current reliable predictors of therapy response at initial clinical presentation. METHODS:To evaluate predictors, we conducted genome-wide association studies, developed polygenic risk scores (PRS) for therapy response and analyzed classical HLA alleles in 1,997 children (994 discovery and 1,003 replication/validation cohorts) previously unstudied children with NS and 3,558 ancestry-matched control individuals. RESULTS:A significant association with HLA loci defined by variants in HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DQA1 were found for SSNS (but not SRNS), along with a second immune-related SSNS locus: CLEC16A. A PRS that discriminates between SSNS and SRNS was validated in two independent cohorts. The HLA haplotype HLA- DRB1∗07:01∼DQA1∗02:01∼DQB1∗02:02 was associated with about four times the risk of developing SSNS. A model incorporating HLA haplotype, PRS score, and age at disease onset was the best predictor of steroid responsiveness with an area under the curve of 0.68-0.70 and an overall classification accuracy of SSNS versus SRNS of 67-71%. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings confirm that SSNS, unlike SRNS, is an immune-mediated HLA-associated disorder. The PRS for therapy response and HLA haplotype can serve as biomarkers, provide a foundation for more accurate diagnoses and tailored individualized treatment.
BACKGROUND:Comorbid depression and anxiety represent a severe adolescent phenotype, yet their epidemiology remains under-characterised in sub-Saharan Africa. This study estimated the prevalence, correlates, and functional consequences of internalising comorbidity in a large Nigerian school-based sample. METHODS:A stratified probability sample of 9437 adolescents aged 11-17 years (50.4% female; mean age 15.61 years) was drawn from 47 public secondary schools across Lagos State. Diagnoses were assessed using the MINI-Kid via supported self-administration. Participants were classified as Neither Disorder, Depression-Only, Anxiety-Only, or Comorbid (depression plus ≥1 anxiety disorder). Multinomial logistic regression identified independent correlates. Suicidality and functional impairment were examined using adjusted logistic regression within a two-model framework distinguishing upstream confounders (primary) from potentially endogenous contemporaneous variables (sensitivity). An exploratory associational path model was estimated using generalised structural equation modelling with logit links. Primary analyses included 9041 complete cases. RESULTS:Any internalising disorder prevalence was 32.8% (95% CI 30.9-34.7); comorbidity was 4.5% (3.8-5.2) overall and 13.8% among those with any disorder. Among adolescents with major depressive disorder, 38.1% also met anxiety criteria. Domestic violence exposure, parental alcohol use, and social isolation were most strongly associated with comorbidity. Comorbidity was associated with more than a ten-fold increase in odds of suicidal ideation in primary models (OR 10.43; 7.21-15.08). Exploratory modelling showed statistical clustering of grade repetition, comorbidity, and suicidality. CONCLUSIONS:Although less prevalent than Western estimates, comorbid depression and anxiety confers disproportionate suicidality risk in Nigerian adolescents, supporting integrated school-based screening and family-level prevention strategies.
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the central corneal thickness (CCT) findings between diabetics and non-diabetics, in patients attending the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which 140 patients were recruited. 70 diabetics and 70 non-diabetics participants were recruited. All patients had an ocular examination, pachymeter measurement and the data were compared between the two groups and analysed with the use of IBM statistical package for the social sciences 25 software. Results: The mean age of the diabetic participants was 60.60 years (+12.4 standard deviation [SD]), and the non-diabetic group was 59.87 years (+13.2 SD). There were more females (72.9%) than males (27.1%). There was no significant difference in the CCT measurement between diabetics (520.74 + 48.8 µm) and non-diabetic (524.62 + 28.7 µm) participants. There was also no statistically significant correlation between the duration of diabetes, glycaemic control (using glycated haemoglobin) and CCT measurement. However, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were noticed to be significantly higher in people with diabetes than in non-diabetics. Conclusion: There was no difference in CCT measurements between diabetics and non-diabetics; however, people with diabetes have higher IOP. Therefore, IOP should be part of routine eye screening done for diabetic patients.
