Latina University of Panama (Universidad Latina de Panamá) is a private university, located in Panama City, Panama. Established in 1991, it is now considered one of the largest private universities in the country..
Tabular Foundation Models (TFMs) have emerged as novel approaches for tabular predictive tasks, demonstrating competitive predictive performance to ensemble tree-based models. Most TFMs are trained and evaluated on independent and identically distributed data, but this assumption changes in real-world scenarios due to distribution shifts, which compromise the robustness of models. Limited research has been conducted of TFMs under distribution shifts. We present an empirical evaluation of Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) performance of nine TFMs, spanning diverse pre-training strategies and architectures: TabPFNv2, TabPFNv2.5, TabPFNv2.6, TabPFNv3, TabICL, TabICLv2, Mitra, LimiX and TabFM. Three real-world datasets from the TableShift study were considered (HELOC, Voting, Childhood Lead), covering label, socioeconomic, and geographic shift types. Our results show that all evaluated TFMs degrade systematically under distribution shift regardless of pre-training strategy, with shift gaps ranging from 0.003 to 0.060 depending on shift type. The relationship between in-distribution and OOD predictive performance documented for classical tabular models extends into TFMs. We also identified a scalability gap, as high-performing models demand significant memory and computational resources beyond what standard deployment infrastructure can support. This study extends existing benchmarks for OOD in tabular data, providing evidence to support their adoption in high-stakes domains characterized by structural distribution shifts.
Background Pediatric intracranial ependymoma remains a therapeutically challenging central nervous system tumor in which long-term outcomes depend primarily on maximal safe resection and postoperative focal radiotherapy (RT). Thus, the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy remains uncertain. However, no meta-analysis has directly pooled survival outcomes comparing adjuvant chemotherapy vs. radiotherapy alone in pediatric intracranial ependymoma after maximal safe resection. To compare overall survival, disease control, and recurrence between chemotherapy plus radiotherapy and RT alone in pediatric intracranial ependymoma. Methods A systematic search, according to PRISMA guidelines, across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO was conducted from inception to April 2026. Included criteria were children with newly diagnosed intracranial ependymoma treated after maximal safe resection with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy compared with postoperative radiotherapy alone. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included disease-control survival and recurrence. Approximate Kaplan–Meier reconstructions were generated from extracted survival probabilities. Results From 495 records identified, 10 studies were included, representing 654 patients. Compared with RT alone, chemotherapy-containing postoperative strategies were associated with poorer overall survival (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.21–3.28). Exploratory recurrence analysis showed no statistically significant difference between groups (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.86–1.60). Better disease-control survival was associated with radiotherapy alone (median disease-control survival: 78.0 months vs. 36.0 months for chemotherapy-containing strategies). Conclusions These findings support postoperative focal radiotherapy as the therapeutic backbone for pediatric intracranial ependymoma and underscore the need for biomarker-driven prospective studies to identify the limited scenarios in which systemic therapy may provide meaningful benefit.
We report the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium sp. strain Panama NTM2, isolated from a sputum sample of a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis in Panama. The 5,922,402-bp genome (68% GC) was assembled into five contigs containing 5,703 protein-coding genes. FastANI identified Mycobacterium kyogaense NCTC 11659 as the closest relative (88.13% ANI), suggesting Panama NTM2 represents a novel species within the genus.
Background:Early brain injury (EBI) is a critical gap in the evolution preceding subarachnoid hemorrhage, developing within the first 72 h after aneurysm rupture. EBI involves a complex sequence of physiopathological processes. These include disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), impaired cerebral perfusion, and molecular pathways that cause vascular and neuronal injury. Understanding these events during the EBI remains a critical step toward improving neurocritical, neurosurgical, and neurological care and future therapies. Methods:A literature review was conducted with a focus on the EBI, its physiopathological processes, therapeutic frontiers, and implications for future neurocritical care and improved patient outcomes. A systematic evaluation of peer-reviewed publications from the previous decade was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Results:The cascade of physiopathological events following aneurysmal rupture is characterized by an abrupt increase in intracranial pressure, followed by reduced cerebral perfusion, and involves neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, and oxidative stress, pathways that appear to be mediated by Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and gasdermin D. The endothelial dysfunction and excitotoxicity induce cerebral edema, neuronal death, and cortical spreading depolarizations. Conclusion:EBI remains a critical knowledge gap in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and understanding its pathophysiology may enable earlier, mechanism-based interventions and improve neurological outcomes.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are widely used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their metabolic and cardiovascular benefits; however, concerns have emerged regarding potential neuropsychiatric effects, including depression. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between GLP-1 RA use and the risk of developing depression in adults with T2DM. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was conducted from database inception through April 2025 to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing GLP-1 RAs with other antidiabetic therapies. The primary outcome was incident depression. Secondary outcomes included anxiety-related outcomes and reported adverse events. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, where appropriate. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Nine studies involving 1,735,325 patients met the inclusion criteria, of which five contributed to the quantitative synthesis. The meta-analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference in the risk of incident depression between GLP-1 RA users and those receiving other antidiabetic agents (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.97-1.14), with substantial heterogeneity observed (I² = 83.2%). Sensitivity analysis showed that exclusion of one influential study increased the pooled estimate to a statistically significant hazard ratio (HR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01-1.19; p = 0.035). Limited evidence suggested potential benefits in anxiety-related outcomes in some studies, although findings were heterogeneous and not amenable to quantitative synthesis. Reported adverse events were predominantly gastrointestinal. Overall, the available evidence suggests that GLP-1 RA use is not associated with an increased risk of depression in adults with type 2 diabetes, though heterogeneity across studies highlights the need for further prospective research with standardized psychiatric outcome assessment.
