Lead City University

This work reports on a theoretical investigation for the thermodynamic of mixing and transport phenomena of Al1-xAux liquid binary alloys. The thermodynamics of mixing encompasses the energy of mixing (Delta E), enthalpy of mixing (Delta Q) and entropy of mixing (Delta S). First principle, microscopic theory based on the perturbation approach, and statistical mechanics have been applied for the evaluation of thermodynamics of mixing features. Here, the electron-ion and ion-ion effective interactions are described by a local pseudopotential. The partial pair potential and the pair correlation function are two main ingredients for the estimation of these mixing features evaluated from the local pseudopotential. Furthermore, the transport phenomena includes the atomic transport and electronic transport for Al1-xAux liquid systems. The attributes of atomic transport are examined using the Rice-Allnatt (R-A) theory for the shear viscosity (eta) and the diffusion coefficient (D). On the other hand, extended Ziman's formula has been employed to calculate the electronic transport, namely electrical resistivity (rho) for the concerned system. Transport properties are estimated using the same ingredients as those used for calculating the thermodynamics of mixing, which include two fixed parameters: the core radius (Rc) and the softness parameters (a), both of which remain unchanged across the entire range of liquid system concentrations. This combination of estimation illustrates the novelty and self-consistent procedure for this study and is reliable for the present framework. The results of our calculations for the thermodynamics of mixing and the viscosity, however, agree well with the available experimental data. The trends were found satisfactory for the case of the diffusion coefficient and electrical resistivity.

Floods have claimed lives and devastated communities and ecosystems. Due to their devastating impact and the heavy financial losses plus fatalities they trigger, floods have increasingly become a major global concern in recent years. This study aims to pinpoint inundated areas and deliver detailed flood risk mapping insights. To enable computation of the Flood Risk Index (FRI), the study identified key flood forecasting parameters including: stream power index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, elevation, distance from rivers, land use/land cover, topographic roughness index, slope, topographic wetness index, rainfall intensity, aspect, drainage capacity, soil texture, sediment transport index, flow accumulation, and runoff coefficient all carefully considered. The weighting of each forecasting factor within the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was established by soliciting expert opinions from relevant public agencies. Subsequently, a flood hazard map was generated by integrating the collected data via AHP methodology. Multicollinearity (MC) analysis was employed to assess the model’s forecasting accuracy. Findings reveal that flood risks are prevalent in high risk zones like Ibeju Lekki, Epe, Eti-Osa, Mainland, Amuwo, and Ajeromi regions within the areas notably marked by low elevation, gentle slopes, high drainage capacity, proximity to rivers, elevated topographic wetness index (TWI), and related factors. Results indicated that the model derived flood vulnerability maps aligned with historical flood events in the study area, thereby validating the methodology’s effectiveness in identifying and mapping flood risk zones. Hence, regular and sustained deployment of flood forecasting, early warning systems, and mitigation measures can be effectively implemented.

This research examined the water quality in the Asese/Mowe Industrial Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Twenty (20) water samples comprising both surface and groundwater sources were obtained from industrial zones and subjected to comprehensive physicochemical analysis using standard procedures. The analytical parameters examined encompassed pH levels, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and principal anionic constituents (chloride (Cl⁻), sulphate (SO42⁻), and nitrate (NO3⁻)). Surface and groundwater quality analysis was evaluated using water quality index (WQI). 14 out of the evaluated 20 samples had pH below the minimum acceptable limit of 6.5, indicating that the water in many locations is slightly acidic. The COD values varied between 3.99 and 12.04 mg/l, with a mean value of 7.09 (± 1.88) mg/l. SW1 exhibits a COD level of 12.04 mg/L, which fails to comply with the required COD standards and consequently renders it unsuitable for drinking water consumption based on COD criteria. Results show that the WQI values for the 20 samples ranged between 6.83 and 106.73 reflecting noticeable variation in water quality across different sampling points. 45

Urban expansion has increasingly transformed land use/land cover (LULC) patterns in rapidly growing cities of sub-Saharan Africa, with significant environmental consequences. This study investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of LULC in Akure Metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria, using multi-temporal Landsat images from 1991, 2002, 2015, and 2020. Supervised classification based on the Maximum Likelihood algorithm was employed to map major LULC classes, while environmental changes were assessed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Land Surface Temperature (LST). Future land use scenarios were simulated for 2025 and 2050 using the Land Change Modeler. The results show that built-up areas expanded from approximately 14

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the challenges and prospects of Sustainable Facility Management (SFM) in selected tertiary institutions in Oyo State, Nigeria. It emphasizes the integration of economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainability in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods research design was adopted. Data were collected from 100 respondents comprising 40 facility managers, 30 administrative staff and 30 students through stratified random sampling. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative insights were derived from thematic analysis.FindingsThe findings reveal that inadequate funding (mean = 4.50), lack of technical expertise (mean = 4.00) and poor maintenance culture (mean = 3.80) are the most significant challenges hindering sustainable facility management. Conversely, the adoption of renewable energy sources (mean = 4.80), implementation of public-private partnerships (mean = 4.70) and leveraging of technology (mean = 4.50) were identified as key strategies for promoting sustainability. The study also notes variability in stakeholder perspectives, particularly regarding resistance to sustainable practices (standard deviation = 1.45).Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to tertiary institutions within Oyo State, which may constrain the generalizability of the findings. Future studies could expand the geographic scope and incorporate longitudinal analysis to deepen understanding of SFM dynamics across regions.Practical implicationsThe study provides practical insights for policymakers, administrators, and facility managers. It recommends the formulation of context-specific SFM policies, the implementation of technical capacity-building programmes and the scaling up of successful public-private partnership models to enhance sustainability in tertiary institutions.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the growing discourse on sustainability in higher education infrastructure in developing economies. It offers empirical evidence and strategic pathways for integrating sustainable facility management practices that align Nigeria's tertiary education system with global sustainability standards.