Carbonate platforms play a critical role in hydrocarbon exploration and provide key insights into the tectonosedimentary evolution of rift basins. In this study, an integrated approach involving three-dimensional seismic datasets and wireline log data was employed to characterize the internal depositional architecture and sequence stratigraphic evolution of the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene Assamoud carbonate platform within the tectonically complex Sirte rift basin, Libya. Using seismic reflection attributes-including external geometry, internal configuration, amplitude variation, reflection continuity, termination style, and stacking patterns-seven distinct seismic facies were identified. These facies associations allowed the delineation of five major depositional facies belts that define the platform framework: platform interior with small, isolated reef buildups, barrier reef along the platform edges, slope at the platform flanks, basin, and ramp. Together, these facies belts record depositional environments ranging from shallow, protected lagoonal settings to marginal reefal buildups and deeper basinfloor deposits. Six stratigraphic sequences were recognized from integrated seismic and log interpretations, each bounded by regionally significant unconformities. Platform growth commenced in the Late Cretaceous with the development of patch reefs atop a pre-existing igneous complex and was ceased at the end of the Paleocene due to sea-level fall. Throughout its evolution, the platform expanded by vertical aggradation of the interior, margin, and basin, accompanied by progradation along the platform slopes. The sequence evolution was controlled by variations in accommodation space governed by relative sea-level changes and subsidence, while antecedent topography formed by pre-existing igneous basement influenced platform initiation, development, and geometry. The inherited topography also controls the platform margin asymmetry, which is characterized by progradation along the leeward margin and near-vertical aggradation along the windward margin. This work enhances understanding of carbonate platform evolution within rift basin settings and provides a methodological reference for evaluating analogous carbonate systems in similar tectonic contexts worldwide.
Remediating petroleum-contaminated soils from oil fields is one of the most challenging tasks for both the Libyan oil sector and the global oil industry. It is therefore necessary to isolate and identify bacteria capable of metabolically synthesising biosurfactants from oil-contaminated soil, as they can be used for bioremediation. Two bacterial strains, which degrade petroleum hydrocarbons and produce biosurfactants, were isolated from oil-contaminated soils in the southern Sirte basin in central North Libya, using an enrichment technique. Morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA analyses indicated that the isolates are more likely to be of the species Dietzia cinnamea and Rhodococcus pyridinivorans. The biodegradation efficiency (BE) of crude oil and diesel oil separately (1
In pharmaceutical logistics, supply chain replenishment policies must balance financial efficiency with systemic resilience. Traditional policy selection relies on cost-centric multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) frameworks that are susceptible to qualitative biases and hierarchical mathematical distortion. This study proposes a Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) Z-Number SWOT-VIKOR framework, synergizing human strategic governance with AI computational scalability. Human experts establish macro-strategic SWOT weights via the F-CIMAS method, while Large Language Models (LLMs) determine micro-operational weights anchored in CRITIC data variance. Evaluating nine Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) policies under stochastic demand, the extended VIKOR algorithm proposed a compromise set of four policies, governed by the hybrid SMT-SSP policy ( ) which strictly minimized individual regret ( ). Methodologically, this study contributes the novel "Strategic Modulation" mechanism, successfully resolving the internal "erasure effect" of classical hierarchical MCDM. By dynamically scaling baseline weights rather than applying strict categorical normalization, this mechanism preserved intrinsic data variance, preventing a statistically significant rank distortion ( ) in mid-tier policies. Furthermore, external mathematical benchmarking against TOPSIS and SAW algorithms proved that VIKOR's non-compensatory regret-minimization is strictly necessary for pharmaceutical logistics. The framework provides supply chain managers with a mathematically protected, bias-resistant blueprint for strategic decision-making in high-stakes healthcare environments.
This study explores the morphological word-formation processes and discursive functions of Generation Z and Generation Alpha slang in a spoken educational context through a guest speech delivered by content creator Xiaoma to high school students at Westtown School. Although previous studies have examined youth slang primarily in digital and social media communication, little attention has been paid to its use in face-to-face educational discourse. Using a qualitative discourse-analytic approach, the study analyzed a transcribed segment of the speech (2:10–6:50). Mattiello’s (2008) framework was used to classify the slang items according to their word-formation processes, and the students’ non-verbal responses were examined throughout the speech. Thirty-nine single-word slang items were identified and classified into seven word-formation processes. Conversion was the most frequent word-formation process, followed by suffixation, clipping, acronyms and initialisms, compounding, word manufacture, and variation. Behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement was evident in the students’ smiles, laughter, applause, eye contact, and head nodding during the speech. These findings highlight the value of contemporary slang in creating more engaging educational discourse and extend current understanding of youth slang beyond digital communication.
ABSTRACT Background Lung cancer mortality is rising in Libya, but access to molecular diagnostics for EGFR mutations—essential for guiding tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy—remains severely limited. Selecting an appropriate testing platform requires balancing analytical performance against cost and infrastructure constraints. Methods We conducted a prospective comparative validation study using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from Libyan non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Following stringent DNA quality control, samples were tested in parallel across four platforms: multiplex real-time PCR (MRT-PCR), reverse hybridization strip assay (RHSA), agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Performance was assessed by inter-method concordance, turnaround time, and cost per test. Results Of 30 initial samples, only six (20%) met quality thresholds (A260/A280 1.70–1.90; concentration ≥10 ng/µL), highlighting pre-analytical challenges. Three samples harbored EGFR exon 19 deletions. A critical discordance was identified: one sample tested negative by MRT-PCR (Ct ≈38, ΔCt=13) but positive by RHSA, AGE, and IHC, indicating a false-negative result from the reference method. IHC and RHSA offered the most favorable balance of cost (USD 40–75/test) and operational feasibility, while MRT-PCR (USD 150/test) required specialized infrastructure. Conclusions Relying solely on automated PCR may lead to under-diagnosis in low-cellularity or degraded FFPE samples. We recommend a hybrid algorithm: IHC as a cost-effective primary screen, followed by RHSA for confirmation. This approach optimizes resource allocation and improves diagnostic equity in Libya.
