Omar Al-Mukhtar University (Arabic: جامعة عمر المختار) Is a public university in Bayda, Libya. it is the third largest university in Libya after the University of Tripoli and the University of Benghazi. It was founded in 1961 and grew to be a moderately religious institute that taught practice regarding scripture reading and interpretation. However, after Muammar Gaddafi's 1969 coup d'état, educational reforms were implemented that caused the shut down of the Islamic departments replacing them with scientific departments.[citation needed]The university has four campuses in the following cities, Bayda (the Old University and the New University), Al Qubah, Derna (Derna University) and Tobruk (Tobruk University). it has twenty faculties on all campuses, and educates students from many locations, including Malta, Cyprus, Egypt, Malaysia, Indonesia, Sudan, and Chad.The Agriculture Building is the oldest on the Bayda campus and is alone capable of housing several thousand students, OAMU now hosts twenty-three faculties on four campuses which follow the General People's Committee for Higher Education and is officially accredited and recognized by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Libya.
Carbonate platforms play a critical role in hydrocarbon exploration and provide key insights into the tectonosedimentary evolution of rift basins. In this study, an integrated approach involving three-dimensional seismic datasets and wireline log data was employed to characterize the internal depositional architecture and sequence stratigraphic evolution of the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene Assamoud carbonate platform within the tectonically complex Sirte rift basin, Libya. Using seismic reflection attributes-including external geometry, internal configuration, amplitude variation, reflection continuity, termination style, and stacking patterns-seven distinct seismic facies were identified. These facies associations allowed the delineation of five major depositional facies belts that define the platform framework: platform interior with small, isolated reef buildups, barrier reef along the platform edges, slope at the platform flanks, basin, and ramp. Together, these facies belts record depositional environments ranging from shallow, protected lagoonal settings to marginal reefal buildups and deeper basinfloor deposits. Six stratigraphic sequences were recognized from integrated seismic and log interpretations, each bounded by regionally significant unconformities. Platform growth commenced in the Late Cretaceous with the development of patch reefs atop a pre-existing igneous complex and was ceased at the end of the Paleocene due to sea-level fall. Throughout its evolution, the platform expanded by vertical aggradation of the interior, margin, and basin, accompanied by progradation along the platform slopes. The sequence evolution was controlled by variations in accommodation space governed by relative sea-level changes and subsidence, while antecedent topography formed by pre-existing igneous basement influenced platform initiation, development, and geometry. The inherited topography also controls the platform margin asymmetry, which is characterized by progradation along the leeward margin and near-vertical aggradation along the windward margin. This work enhances understanding of carbonate platform evolution within rift basin settings and provides a methodological reference for evaluating analogous carbonate systems in similar tectonic contexts worldwide.
Alkaline water electrolysis is a mature and cost-effective technology for hydrogen production; however, the combined influence of electrolyte concentration, electrolyte type, and electrode material under controlled laboratory conditions requires further systematic evaluation. This study experimentally investigates the coupled effects of electrolyte type (NaOH and KOH), concentration (20–30%), and electrode configuration (stainless steel–stainless steel, nickel–stainless steel, and nickel–nickel) on hydrogen production rate and cell energy efficiency using a laboratory-scale alkaline electrolyzer operated at constant electrical conditions (5 V, 1.5 A). The results demonstrate that increasing alkaline concentration enhances hydrogen production and cell efficiency due to improved ionic conductivity and reduced internal resistance. Stainless steel electrodes exhibited the lowest hydrogen production rate (0.047 mL/s), while pure nickel electrodes achieved the highest rate (0.061 mL/s) and maximum efficiency of 44.17%, confirming the superior catalytic activity of nickel toward the hydrogen evolution reaction. The nickel–stainless steel configuration showed comparable performance (0.060 mL/s; 43.36%), indicating that incorporating nickel active sites significantly improves electrochemical performance while potentially reducing material cost. Comparative analysis between NaOH and KOH revealed similar trends, with both electrolytes converging to nearly identical hydrogen production rates (~0.0616 mL/s) and efficiencies (~44.4%) at 30% concentration, suggesting that at sufficiently high concentrations, performance becomes increasingly governed by electrode kinetics rather than electrolyte type. These findings emphasize the critical role of electrode material and electrolyte concentration in optimizing alkaline electrolysis performance and provide practical insights for improving laboratory-scale hydrogen production systems.
Electrospinning is a creative and adaptable method for creating nanofibers with a wide range of uses in industries like textiles, filtration, biomedical engineering and others. Beginning with early research in the 1930s and continuing through more recent developments, this review offers a thorough account of the history of electrospinning. A high-voltage power source, a spinneret, and a collector make up the basic electrospinning setup, which we explore in detail along with its basic working principles. Since these factors have a significant impact on fiber morphology and diameter, important electrospinning parameters are covered in detail, including solution viscosity, electric field strength, collector distance, and ambient conditions. Additionally, the review emphasizes the wide range of uses for electrospun nanofibers, such as filtration membranes, scaffolds for tissue engineering, wound dressings, and drug delivery systems. Scalability, process reproducibility, and the requirement for specialized materials are some of the issues that electrospinning faces despite its potential. In conclusion, we present the outlook directions for the method, highlighting possible advancements and uses that can increase its industrial significance and broaden its use in developing domains through solvent-free and 3D electrospinning.
الملخص تعاني أشجار العرعر الفينيقي . Juniperus phoenicea L المنتشرة في منطقة الجبل الأخضر بدولة ليبيا من ظاهرة تدهور واضحة، تتجلى في اصفرار الأوراق والأفرع، ثم جفافها وموتها تدريجيًّا. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى عزل وتشخيص الفطريات المرتبطة بأعراض هذا التدهور، بهدف تحديد المسببات الفطرية المحتملة. جُمعت العينات من أوراق وأفرع أشجار العرعر المتدهورة من عدة مواقع في المنطقة الوسطى للجبل الأخضر (وادي الكوف، الوسيطة، الحمامة)، وتم إجراء عمليات العزل على بيئة البطاطس دكستروز أجار PDA المضاف إليها المضاد الحيوي استربتومايسين. أظهرت نتائج العزل والفحص المجهري وجود ستة أنواع من الفطريات المُمْرِضة، هي: Pleospora herbarum , Stemphylium botryosum , Sporormiella intermedia , Ulocladium botrytis , Alternaria alternata , و .Sordaria fimicola ، وبينت النتائج أن فطر Stemphylium botryosum كان الأكثر تكرارًا بين العزلات، مما يشير إلى دوره المحتمل في التدهور المَرَضِي المسجل. وأظهرت الدراسة تنوعًا فطريًّا ملحوظًا ضمن الرتبة الفطرية Pleosporales ، ما يعكس تعدد المسببات المَرَضية وتداخلها في إضعاف أشجار العرعر الفينيقي. وتوصي الدراسة بإجراء اختبارات إمراضية؛ لتأكيد دور الفطريات المعزولة، وتوسيع نطاق البحث؛ لرصد انتشارها الجغرافي، مع التركيز على تأثير العوامل البيئية في تفاقم ظاهرة التدهور.
This study investigates the impact of teaching English Literature as a one-semester elective course on the linguistic, cognitive, and affective development of fourth-year ESL students at Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Libya. Although these students have typically received years of formal English instruction, many still struggle to move beyond limited functional competence toward more advanced academic language use, critical reading, and analytical writing. To address this issue, the study employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods design with a quasi-experimental approach. Seventy fourth-year students participated in the study and were divided into an experimental group (n = 35), which studied English Literature, and a control group (n = 35), which followed a conventional advanced grammar and composition course over a 15-week semester. Data were collected through reading comprehension tests, writing assessment, the Watson–Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal, Likert-scale attitudinal measures, and students’ reflective journals. The findings revealed statistically significant improvements in the experimental group across reading comprehension, writing quality, critical thinking, vocabulary retention, and learner motivation. The currently available descriptive results show higher post-test performance for the literature group in reading comprehension (78% vs. 69%), writing quality (4.4 vs. 3.8), and critical thinking (26 vs. 19), alongside positive shifts in learner motivation. Qualitative data further indicated enhanced confidence, stronger engagement with English, and greater cultural and interpretive awareness. At the same time, challenges related to cognitive load, text difficulty, and limited instructional time were observed. The study concludes that literature should be viewed not as an optional enrichment component, but as a pedagogically valuable intervention that can support advanced language development in university ESL contexts.
