牛津大学林肯学院

Any harm caused by an undertaking's anticompetitive conduct may be recovered as damages. The conventional method used to determine the amount of damages recoverable is to, so far as possible, measure the claimant's loss. An alternative method of calculating damages recognised in English law-though has not yet been awarded for breach of competition law-is to measure the defendant's gain. The legal basis for bringing a claim for restitution or disgorgement for breach of competition law is unclear, with conflicting remarks subsisting at the appellate court level. In this article we make the case that, notwithstanding the lack of legal clarity in this area of law, a restitutionary or disgorgement-based remedy is available as a matter of law for breaches of competition law. We suggest that these kinds of remedies align with the aims of private enforcement of competition law and will likely play an important role in vindicating the rights of those that suffer competition harm in the future.

The impact of technology on human resources practices is becoming increasingly tangible nowadays. Many HR problems are being solved with the use of technology. It has got an unpredictable dimension to it. This paper addresses the gap in prediction and explains in detail how employee attrition could be forecast early on using a Machine Learning algorithm with a unique audit engine architecture model. Multinational conglomerates with hundreds of thousands of employees will find such an application useful. There is a set of features coupled with employee data that is decisive in determining whether a particular employee will stay or resign. These features are identified, quantified, and analyzed with different distance metrics to arrive at a model that would predict whether an employee will stay with the company in the framework of an Internal Auditing Engine, the relevant instances of which are powered by the KNN algorithm. Our analysis shows that the Manhattan distance metric gives a higher accuracy value.

Parliamentary HistoryVolume 40, Issue 2 p. 395-396 Review Peers and Politics, c.1650–1850: Essays in Honour of Clyve Jones. Edited by Richard A. Gaunt and D.W. Hayton. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell for the Parliamentary History Yearbook Trust. 2020. viii, 238 pp. Paperback £19.99. ISBN 9781119680611. Perry Gauci, Lincoln College, OxfordSearch for more papers by this author Perry Gauci, Lincoln College, OxfordSearch for more papers by this author First published: 06 June 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-0206.12561Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume40, Issue2June 2021Pages 395-396 RelatedInformation

The Economic History ReviewVolume 72, Issue 1 p. 409-410 BOOK REVIEW Robert J. Bennett, ed., Documents of the first Chambers of Commerce in Britain and Ireland 1767–1839 ( Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. xvi+715. 2 figs. 7 plates. ISBN 9780197266243 Hbk. £120) Perry Gauci, Perry Gauci Lincoln College, OxfordSearch for more papers by this author Perry Gauci, Perry Gauci Lincoln College, OxfordSearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 January 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12831Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume72, Issue1February 2019Pages 409-410 RelatedInformation

This article links two processes that reached culmination during the 1970s: the emergence in central government of concern for inner city areas, and the rejection of urban modernist approaches to the built environment. It focuses on the approach of the Department of the Environment in dealing with the issue, particularly through the three Inner Area Studies on Lambeth, Small Heath in Birmingham and Liverpool 8, which were published in 1977. The first section gives an account of the background under which the Studies were commissioned by the Department of the Environment, then headed by Conservative Secretary of State Peter Walker. Part two gives a brief account of the Studies. Part three details their reception under the Labour Government, and shows their influence on the 1977 White Paper Policy for the Inner Cities. Through this case study, two arguments are made about the changing approach to the built environment in the 1970s: that political and planning elites played a pivotal role in the disavowal of urban modernism in this period; and that the multiple problems exemplified by the inner city made modernist approaches appear increasingly untenable, even to former advocates. The conclusion suggests that, at least in its approach to the inner city, the meliorist aims of the post-war period were not an intellectually spent force by the 1970s, but remained an ambitious and evolving project.