Background: Tobacco use is a major public health problem and is known to induce oxidative stress, which contributes to early cellular and tissue injury. Young adults represent a vulnerable group in whom biochemical alterations may appear before clinical disease becomes evident. Aim: to assess oxidative stress markers among tobacco-using and non-tobacco-using young adults in the community. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Medwin Hospital, Pune, from September to December 2025 among 120 young adults, including 60 tobacco users and 60 non-users. Socio-demographic details, tobacco-use pattern, and anthropometric parameters were recorded. Blood samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity using standard biochemical methods. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate comparative and correlation tests. Results: Mean age and body mass index were comparable between groups, while male participants were significantly more common among tobacco users. Tobacco users had significantly higher malondialdehyde and significantly lower superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity than non-users. Duration of tobacco use showed a significant positive correlation with malondialdehyde and negative correlations with antioxidant parameters. Conclusion: Tobacco use in young adults was strongly associated with increased oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidant defenses. Early identification and community-level tobacco cessation strategies are needed to prevent long-term health consequences.
Papillary cystadenoma (PC) of the salivary gland is an uncommon benign epithelial neoplasm that shows predominantly multicystic growth pattern with intraluminal papillary proliferation and areas of oncocytic differentiation. We report a case of papillary cystadenoma of the parotid gland in a 44-years-old female. The patient presented with painful nodular swelling in the right parotid region for two months. Ultrasonography revealed a well marginated oval lesion with altered signal intensity involving the superficial lobe. The excision specimen showed a neoplasm with multicystic spaces having papillary projections lined by benign low-grade epithelium and supported by fibrovascular cores. No significant cytological atypia or mitosis was observed. The cells were immunoreactive for Keratin, Keratin 7, and were negative for Keratin 20, AR, HeR2/neu, TTF1, CDX2, and GATA3. p63 and Keratin 5/6 highlighted the myoepithelial cell layer lining the cystic spaces as well as the papillary projections. The Ki-67 proliferation index was 6%. The patient is on close clinical and imaging follow-up for the last 1year and 8 months without any evidence of disease recurrence or metastasis. Rarity of the lesion and distinct histomorphology warrants appropriate knowledge and discussion of the subject.
Objective To evaluate the incidence and pattern of cardiac involvement in children post-COVID (coronavirus disease) infection in a tertiary care referral hospital in India. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted including all consecutive children with suspected MIS-C referred to the cardiology services. Results Of the 111 children with mean (SD) age 3.5 (3.6) years, 95.4% had cardiac involvement. Abnormalities detected were coronary vasculopathy, pericardial effusion, valvular regurgitation, ventricular dysfunction, diastolic flow reversal in aorta, pulmonary hypertension, bradycardia and intracardiac thrombus. The survival rate post treatment was 99%. Early and short-term follow-up data was available in 95% and 70%, respectively. Cardiac parameters improved in the majority. Conclusion Cardiac involvement post COVID-19 is often a silent entity and may be missed unless specifically evaluated for. Early echocardiography aids in prompt diagnosis, triaging, and treatment, and may help in favorable outcomes.
Renal transplant recipients are at a higher risk of malignancy. We report our experience and the critical differences in the presentation of malignancy in kidney transplant patients performed at our tertiary care center and followed up over the period of 1990-2015. A total of 338 live donor transplants performed in 332 patients were analyzed. Induction immunosuppression was used in 22 cases with interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor antibody. Overall 299 patients were continued on calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based triple drug immunosuppression, 33 were off CNI with 13 of them receiving sirolimus additionally. A total of 16 malignancies including post transplant lymphoproliferative disease (5), oral cancer (5), lung cancer (2), hepatobiliary cancer (2), colon cancer (1), and skin cancer (1) were diagnosed in 15 patients. Over the 26-year follow up, 138 patients died of whom 12 died due to cancer. Cancer occurred in 4.7% of patients but accounted for 9.4% of deaths. Oral cancer occurred after a significantly longer latency of over 10 years (212 vs. 94 months, P = 0.00652). Despite the longer latency, oral cancer patients were younger at diagnosis (44.0 vs. 52 years, P = 0.01016) and had better outcome (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.0275). This was despite a longer overall follow-up for the oral cancer patients, reflecting the better outcome for these patients (24 vs. 4 months, P = 0.0278). This might be the result of relatively early diagnosis of oral cancers.
Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery may be needed in children and young adults for significant premature coronary artery occlusive disease. We report a case series of seven patients who underwent surgical revascularization in their second and third decade of life for significant multivessel coronary artery occlusive disease due to unusual causes.
