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Hearing impairment in neonates can severely affect speech, language, and cognitive development. high-risk neonates are particularly vulnerable, and early detection is critical for timely intervention.To assess the prevalence and severity of hearing loss among high-risk neonates admitted to the nicu at a tertiary care hospital of northeastern india using brainstem evoked response audiometry (bera).A hospital-based observational study was conducted over one year (june 2021 to may 2022) involving 104 high-risk neonates. risk factors were classified based on joint committee on infant hearing (jcih) guidelines. bera testing was performed at nicu discharge or within six months of life. statistical analysis was done using spss v26.Of the 104 neonates tested, 13 (12.5
The solute carrier (SLC) gene family encodes membrane transporters critical for drug disposition. Among these, SLC22A1 (OCT1) and SLC22A2 (OCT2) are central to the pharmacogenomics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OCT1 mediates hepatic uptake of metformin, while OCT2 regulates renal clearance. Genetic polymorphisms in these transporters may alter drug absorption and elimination, contributing to variability in glycemic response to oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs). To investigate the association between SLC22A1 and SLC22A2 polymorphisms and glycemic outcomes in patients with T2DM from an Indian cohort. The present study was a cross-sectional analytical clinical study involving 144 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients receiving OHAs were genotyped for selected SNPs in SLC22A1 and SLC22A2. Glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c and classified as good and poor responders. Associations between genotypes and drug response were analyzed across metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), DPP4 inhibitors, and meglitinides. SLC22A1 polymorphisms were associated with differences in metformin response. Heterozygous variants at rs12657366 (p = 0.0281), rs41897827 (p = 0.027), and rs11588695 (p = 0.040) appeared more frequently among patients with good glycemic control, whereas homozygous mutations were associated with poor metformin response. SLC22A2 variants (rs35638327) were associated with sulfonylurea efficacy, with heterozygous correlating with better glycemic outcomes. TZDs and DPP4 inhibitors showed minimal genotype‑related differences, consistent with their mechanisms of action, while meglitinide response was unaffected. SLC22A1 polymorphisms strongly predict metformin efficacy, and SLC22A2 variants may modulate sulfonylurea response. These findings highlight transporter genetics as key determinants of OHA effectiveness and suggest a possible heterozygote advantage. Incorporating pharmacogenomic profiling into diabetes care could enable personalized therapy, optimize glycemic outcomes, and reduce treatment failure.
The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers, educators, and policymakers. With 20 million children under the age of 14 affected globally, older adults also experience significant psychological impact including depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. The implications of vision-related challenges extend far beyond mere sight. Depression and anxiety, exacerbated by social isolation and reduced physical activity, underscore the need for comprehensive interventions that address both medical and psychosocial dimensions. By recognizing the profound impact of ocular morbidities like strabismus, myopia, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration on mental health and investing in effective treatments and inclusive practices, society can pave the way for a healthier, more equitable future for affected individuals. There is evidence that myopic children experience a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to their normal peers, and interventions like the correction of strabismus can enhance psychological outcome - demonstrating the value of an integrated management approach.
To evaluate the effect of intraoperative administration of 1 g of tranexamic acid (TXA) on perioperative and postoperative outcomes in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy undergoing endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (EEP). This multicenter, prospective, observational study included 932 patients across 30 centers (December 2024–June 2025). Patients were divided into four groups based on TXA use and continuation or discontinuation of blood thinners during EEP. The primary endpoint was bleeding complications within 30 days, defined as a composite of transfusion, clot retention, bleeding requiring restart of continuous bladder washout (CBWO), or surgical reintervention to control hemostasis. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis identified independent predictors of bleeding complications. There were 534 patients in Group 1 (stopped blood thinners, no TXA given), 316 in Group 2 (on blood thinners, no TXA given), 69 in Group 3 (stopped blood thinners, TXA given), and 13 in Group 4 (on blood thinners, TXA given). Median total operative time was longest in Group 2 (88 min [IQR 70–127]) and shortest in Group 3 (55 min [IQR 39–69]). Hemostasis time was shortest in TXA groups (p < 0.001). Transfusions occurred in 0.6–7.7
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a heightened susceptibility to tuberculosis infection (TBI). Latent TBI can progress to active tuberculosis (TB). We used Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) to determine the frequency of TBI in patients with CKD. Data were used from patients with CKD (18–65 years) attending OPD and IPD of MY Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, who underwent IGRA as the primary diagnostic tool over 1 year. Patients with CKD with active TB, immunocompromised status, or on immunosuppression were excluded. Investigations (chest radiograph, sputum AFB if indicated) were done to rule out active TB. Of the 250 participants, 17.6% (95% CI: 12.9%–22.3%) tested positive for IGRA, with the majority in CKD stage V, with no significant association between CKD stage and IGRA positivity ( p = 0.740). There was a negative association between BCG vaccination and IGRA positivity results (Chi-square p =0.012; Fisher’s Exact Test p =0.013). There was a significant direct relationship between IGRA positivity and dialysis duration ( p < 0.001). The prevalence of TBI among patients with CKD was 17.6% (95% CI: 12.9%–22.3%), and was related to the duration of dialysis
