Abstract This paper presents a novel approach to the Dependent Network interdependencies analysis, based on the Mutual Information Technique. This is a statistical measure that quantifies the amount of information shared between two variables. In the context of networks, we can calculate the mutual information between the nodes in each network and use it as a measure of the strength of their interdependency. This Technique is useful in capturing the functional and service level interdependencies between the networks. The Mutual Information based approach is a useful analytical tool for determining the degree of mutual effect and reliance between variables in linked systems. We want to shed light on how Mutual Information might help us comprehend and analyse the interplay of critical infrastructure networks by applying this technique to the example of a hydroelectric power plant depending on a river for water supplies A case study of simulated power network used in this paper for illustration and validation of the technique.
Magnetic Molecules in Biological Processes explores the dynamic intersection of molecular magnetism and biology, offering a comprehensive look at how magnetic molecules are transforming biomedical science. From design and synthesis to cutting-edge applications in sensing, imaging, and targeted therapies, this book presents a unified view of the field’s foundational principles and emerging innovations. Authored by leading researchers, it highlights advanced characterization techniques, intracellular magnetic interactions, and the role of magnetic molecules in diagnostics and drug delivery. With a global perspective and forward-looking insights, this volume is an essential resource for scientists, students, and professionals in chemistry, biology, and biomedical engineering seeking to understand and harness the power of magnetism in biological systems.
Geopolymer concrete (GPC), consisting of industrial by-products, has the potential to mitigate CO2 emissions, and the incorporation of Glass Waste Powder (GWP) further leads to performance enhancement and promotes sustainability. The study investigates GPC pavement having 10
A solution to the environmental issues is the valorisation of the agro-industrial residues as an association is made between the waste management and the resource recovery. Spent coffee grounds (SCG) have received special concern as a potentially good source of adsorbent, because of their comparably large supply, naturally formed carbon based, and desirable surface performance. However, the low porosity, surface area, adsorption capacity and functional groups such as including hydroxyl (–OH), carboxyl (–COOH), and carboxyl (C=O) do not allow the direct utilization of Spent coffee grounds. In order to address these limitations, chemical activation through pre and post treatment techniques with chemical activating reagents such as alkaline, acidic, metal oxide, and carbonate (H3PO4, KOH, K2CO3, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgCO3) have been studied to improve structural and chemical properties of spent coffee grounds. The results from the mechanism of activations have been elaborated in present study in concern with enhanced surface area, formation of clear and distinct microporous and mesoporous pore structures, functional group modification (such as forming P4O10, and forming alcohol, hydroxyl, saturated hydrocarbon, unsaturated hydrocarbon, aromatic ring and ether groups) are improvement in the result among adsorption capacity. This paper has focused on the activation techniques of SCG using different activating agents and their influence on the development of the pore, surface modification, and adsorption capability for different types of pollutant in waste water.
This work presents the development and characterization of lightweight epoxy-based radar-absorbing nanohybrid composites using graphene nanoplatelets (GNP)–coated rice husk ash (RHA) as fillers. The controlled combustion of rice husk produced RHA, an amorphous silica-rich agricultural by-product, which was then ground to an average particle size of 14 μm. An irregular, porous, silica-dominated morphology, favourable for adjusting dielectric behaviour, was observed by FESEM and EDS analyses. GNP-coated RHA were prepared by depositing graphene nanoplatelets onto RHA with polyvinyl alcohol as a binder. Composites with 20 wt
