The Maldives National University (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޤައުމީ ޔުނިވަރސިޓީ) is a public university located in the Maldives. In 1973, the first Ministry of health was created at NMU. In 1974, the vocational and trade center was established, providing mechanical and electrical trades. In 1984 the institution for Teacher education was created. In 1987 a tourism school was established for the sole purpose of tourism in the Maldives. In 1991 The Institute of Management and Administration was created; in order, to train staff for public and private services. In 1998 The Maldives of Higher Education was founded. On January 1999 the Institute of Shar’ah and law was founded. In 2000 College launched first-degree Program: Bachelor of Arts. On 17 January 2011 The Maldives National University Act was passed by the President of the Maldives, The Maldives National University got its name on 15 February 2011.
This study investigates the flow of mixed convective Casson nanofluid with the Cattaneo-Christov model and gyrotactic microorganisms, addressing the effects of thermal radiation, activation energy, and Darcy-Forchheimer. Results obtained by employing MATLAB's bvp5c tool, illustrate that the heat distribution profile is elevated with increasing radiation and thermal source. Additionally, the motile microorganism profile exhibits a downward trend with increasing Peclet and Bioconvective Lewis numbers. Also, the thermal transmission rate increases with boosted Radiation, while the motile density is escalated against the Peclet and Schmidt numbers. This investigation has practical applications in biomedical engineering, chemical and medicinal industries, and biofuel technologies.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading global cause of death. While primary Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination offers protection in children, the role of BCG revaccination in adults remains unclear. This study evaluated the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of BCG revaccination against TB. A comprehensive literature search through July 2025, with independent data extraction by two reviewers. RevMan version 5.4 was used for analysis by applying random-effects models with 95% CIs. Six RCTs, involving 2400 participants, showed no significant effect of BCG revaccination on initial (RR 0.99) or sustained (RR 0.80) QFT conversion, showing only modest effectiveness against MTB. Immunogenicity evaluation showed a moderate increase in CD8+ T cell (p = .01) and cytokine-producing CD4+ T cell responses (p = .008). Safety analysis indicated increased adverse events, though a reduced risk of upper respiratory tract infections (RR 0.37) was noted. These results highlight a discrepancy between immune activation and quantifiable protection, suggesting limited BCG revaccination benefit in high-risk groups and the need for vaccines with proven protective immunity.
Mangroves are salt-tolerant woody plants forming coastal intertidal ecosystems throughout tropical and subtropical regions. Their distribution is commonly described along estuarine environmental gradients, with salinity and inundation identified as key drivers. However, in the Maldives, an oceanic archipelago lacking river systems, mangroves occur as small, fragmented stands of vegetation within closed or semi-enclosed water bodies, and their distribution patterns remain poorly understood despite the critical ecosystem services they provide. This study investigates species-habitat associations across 40 mangrove habitats, classified into embayment, pond-based, and marsh-based habitats, focusing on the occurrence of five dominant species: Bruguiera cylindrica, B. gymnorrhiza, Lumnitzera racemosa, Ceriops tagal, and Rhizophora mucronata. Water salinity was also measured to support interpretation of species distributions. Pearson's Chi-square tests detected significant associations between species occurrence and habitat type for the five species (p < 0.05), whereas differences in salinity among species were not statistically significant (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.208). B. cylindrica (chi & sup2;=20.000, p < 0.001) was strongly associated with marsh-based habitats, occurring in all surveyed systems of this type, whereas B. gymnorrhiza (chi & sup2;=6.578, p = 0.034) was less frequent there; both species was observed across a wide range of salinities. L. racemosa (chi & sup2;=8.189, p = 0.020) occurred most frequently in pond-based mangroves and was more often found in low to intermediate salinity conditions. In contrast, R. mucronata (chi & sup2;=11.779, p = 0.003) and C. tagal (chi & sup2;=23.022, p < 0.001) were predominantly associated with embayment habitats, characterized by high salinity. These findings improve understanding of mangrove spatial distribution and provide guidance for habitat-specific conservation and restoration in the Maldives, where mangroves are critically endangered.
This study investigates the epoxidation of sunflower oil using lactic acid as an oxygen carrier, with emphasis on reaction kinetics under varying conditions of temperature, hydrogen peroxide-to-oil molar ratio, and stirring speed. The reaction progress was monitored through oxirane oxygen content (OOC) measurements and analyzed using pseudo-first-order and consecutive first-order kinetic models, with MATLAB R2023A employed for parameter estimation. The results showed that the highest relative conversion to oxirane (RCO) was achieved at the most intense conditions tested. The maximum relative conversion of oxirane (RCO) reached about 27
