Support for restricting civil rights remains a central concern in psychological science. Among these rights, access to information has increasingly been regulated, including through policies limiting adolescents' use of social media. Yet little is known about how adolescents themselves evaluate such measures or how ideological dispositions structure their support. Drawing on research linking Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) to endorsement of restrictive policies, the present study examined whether RWA and age predict support for a new Brazilian law that prohibits unsupervised social media use for individuals under 16 (the so-called Felca Law). A sample of 308 Brazilian adolescents (ages 11-19; 48.4% female) completed measures of RWA and support for the Felca Law. Higher RWA and older age independently predicted greater support for the law, with no significant interaction between them. These findings indicate that authoritarian ideological dispositions operate during adolescence and extend to contemporary digital regulation. Support for the Felca Law appears to be shaped less by developmental maturation than by stable ideological mechanisms, even in a policy domain framed around youth protection.
Although institutional quality is widely recognised as important for environmental performance, less is known about whether the governance-energy relationship varies across levels of institutional capacity. This study examines the relationship between inclusive governance, energy intensity, and CO2 emissions volatility across 71 developing economies in the context of an increasingly fragmented global energy system. We focus on whether the governance-energy relationship varies across levels of institutional capacity. Inclusive governance is measured using a composite index incorporating political institutional quality, gender representation, and income equality. The empirical analysis uses a piecewise panel specification based on the sample median of inclusive governance, with system-GMM and local-projection estimates providing supplementary sensitivity evidence. Inclusive governance is negatively and significantly associated with energy intensity in both governance regimes in the baseline specification, with a somewhat stronger association in the higher-governance regime. However, this nonlinear pattern is sensitive to alternative estimators and breakpoints and is therefore interpreted as suggestive rather than definitive. In contrast, inclusive governance is not significantly associated with CO2 emissions volatility across most specifications. These findings indicate that the relationship between governance and environmental performance may be outcome-specific: institutional capacity is more clearly associated with energy efficiency than with emissions volatility. The results are interpreted as conditional associations rather than causal effects and suggest that the environmental relevance of governance may vary with both institutional capacity and the outcome being examined.
Rare-Earth-Magnesium(RE-Mg)-based hydrogen storage alloys exhibit high hydrogen capacity and low material cost, while their hydrogen storage behavior is governed by the interplay between thermodynamic stability and kinetic characteristics. Among the relevant thermodynamic parameters, formation enthalpy (ΔH) provides an important descriptor for evaluating hydride stability and hydrogen storage feasibility. This review examines the formation-enthalpy characteristics of RE-Mg systems, with particular emphasis on the extended Miedema model for estimating alloy formation enthalpy and its application to multicomponent compositions. Different approaches for determining ΔH are compared, including theoretical calculations and experimental measurements, and their relationships with phase transformations and hydrogen absorption/desorption thermodynamics are discussed. The role of hydride formation enthalpy in microstructural regulation is further examined, with emphasis on complex surface hydrides involving amorphous, nanocrystalline/metastable, and multiphase structures. The effects of elemental composition, phase constitution, interfaces, and chemical states on thermodynamic and kinetic behavior are discussed. Based on these considerations, strategies for improving the hydrogen storage properties of RE-Mg alloys through compositional, microstructural, and interface regulation are summarized. The potential of machine learning and multiscale approaches for describing multicomponent and multiphase systems is also discussed. Overall, this review establishes a framework linking formation enthalpy with phase structure, microstructure, and hydrogen storage behavior, providing a basis for understanding and designing RE-Mg-based hydrogen storage materials with appropriate thermodynamic stability and improved absorption/desorption characteristics.
Covering: January to the end of December 2024This review covers the literature published in 2024 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 617 citations (578 for the period January to December 2024) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, the submerged parts of mangroves and other intertidal plants. The emphasis is on new compounds (1256 in 336 papers for 2024), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Pertinent reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. An analysis of the role of artificial intelligence in marine natural products research is discussed.
