The removal of nitrogen species, particularly nitrates, is critically important for environmental remediation and the production of renewable energy. Converting nitrogen in wastewater into ammonia is an alternative to the Haber-Bosch process, which constitutes an effective and economical method for addressing nitrate contamination in source waters. This process simultaneously facilitates the reclamation of nitrogen as a renewable and promising energy resource. This approach not only decreases dependence on energy-consuming procedures but is also environmentally friendly. Copper-based electrocatalysts for the nitrogen/nitrate reduction reaction (NRR) have been widely studied, yet a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between their preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity remains incomplete. In this review, we aim to provide a structured summary of synthetic approaches for Cu-based electrodes using both physical and chemical methods, highlighting the structure–activity correlations between synthesis strategies and catalyst performance. We also present a thorough overview of advanced characterization techniques, including structural, morphological, compositional, electrochemical, and in situ/operando studies, to identify active sites, reaction intermediates, and degradation pathways. The electrocatalytic performance of Cu-based electrodes in NRR is critically analyzed and compared, with emphasis on the effects of morphology, surface composition, electrolyte selection, and pH on activity and selectivity. Methods for quantifying ammonia, such as colorimetry, NMR, GC, and ion chromatography, are reviewed to ensure benchmarking and reproducibility. Despite these advances, practical application remains limited due to challenges such as the trade-off between selectivity and activity, catalytic deactivation, and competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This work aims to provide a consistent and rational framework for screening Cu-based systems toward highly efficient and cost-effective ammonia electrosynthesis.
One-pot bioprocessing (OPB) represents an integrated strategy for biomass valorization within a single reactor rather than across sequential, isolated units. By consolidating formation-stage steps that are traditionally separated, OPB can lower capital intensity and reduce intermediate losses. It may also improve carbon utilization under specific conditions compared with conventional modular biorefineries optimized around a single product. Despite these advantages, OPB has yet to achieve robust scalability. This review examines the dynamic processes governing biomass fractionation into individual constituents and biocatalytic transformation in single-reactor systems. It synthesizes recent advances in metabolic engineering, process intensification, and dynamic flux control to assess how biological network behavior, thermodynamic feasibility, and reactor-scale transport phenomena jointly constrain feasible product combinations within integrated one-pot systems. Persistent limitations arising from metabolic trade-offs, physicochemical incompatibilities, and increasing control complexity are evaluated alongside emerging enabling strategies, including dynamic metabolic regulation, hybrid one-pot architectures, and digital bioprocess twins. This work provides a data-informed framework indicating that effective one-pot bioprocess design depends on aligning biological compatibility, control capacity, and operational robustness to support adaptive and anticipatory control of multiproduct formation dynamics.
The research aims to examine the antecedents of Fintech Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending adoption in Indonesia by extending the UTAUT3 framework with financial risk tolerance and artificial intelligence literacy. It also explores the moderating role of green self-identity and gender differences in P2P lending adoption. Data were collected from 421 respondents in Indonesia using a non-probability voluntary response sampling approach and analyzed using the PLS-SEM method. The results indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and AI literacy have a positive and significant influence on behavioral intention toward P2P lending. Facilitating conditions positively and significantly affect use behavior. Green self-identity weakens the relationship between behavioral intention and use behavior. No significant gender differences were found in the correlations between behavioral intention, use behavior, and financial inclusion. This study advances the literature on financial innovation by bridging theory and practice in the context of AI-enabled Fintech P2P lending. By integrating empirical evidence with policy considerations, the findings highlight the importance of collaboration between regulators and Fintech providers in fostering responsible innovation. The results provide actionable implications for designing user-centered lending systems that enhance financial inclusion. In this regard, the study contributes to the advancement of inclusive digital finance and supports Indonesia’s broader strategic objective of expanding sustainable and equitable access to financial services.
The capacity of a firm to deliver high-quality products is shaped by its cost of capital. Guided by signaling theory, this study examines the influence of the cost of capital on product responsibility, while also assessing the moderating roles of board gender diversity, ESG controversies, and institutional ownership. The analysis draws on data from 227 firms listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange between 2002 and 2023, sourced from Thomson Reuters Eikon DataStream and selected through purposive sampling. Methodologically, the study employs the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator, Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), and the two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to test the hypothesized relationships. Results indicate that the cost of capital, proxied by the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), exerts a negative and statistically significant effect on product responsibility. Moreover, board gender diversity, ESG controversies, and institutional ownership significantly strengthen the relationship between WACC and product responsibility. These findings underscore the need for managers to integrate cost of capital considerations with the ethical and quality standards of their products. Such integration is essential for sustaining stakeholder trust, enhancing long-term competitiveness, and safeguarding corporate reputation, particularly under financial constraints.
Livestreaming commerce is expanding rapidly in hospitality, yet existing research has largely emphasized hedonic and social drivers and has paid limited attention to ethics-related cues that can be decisive in high-involvement, higher-risk decisions such as hotel booking. Addressing this gap, this study examines how ethics perceptions in hotel livestreaming shape booking intention through cognitive - affective mechanisms, drawing on the Stimulus - Organism - Response (S-O-R) framework and the Cognitive - Affective Personality System (CAPS). Ethics perceptions are operationalized via six cues - surveillance transparency, remuneration fairness, fulfillment reliability, streamer ethics, privacy protection, and non-deception. A three-wave survey of 312 Saudi consumers with recent hotel livestreaming experience was analyzed using PLS-SEM. Results indicate that non-deception and privacy protection strengthen both emotional arousal and self-efficacy, while fulfillment reliability and remuneration primarily enhance self-efficacy and surveillance influences arousal only. Streamer ethics shows limited effects, suggesting that credibility is anchored more in transaction- and platform-level assurances than in presenter-level impressions in this setting. Emotional arousal and self-efficacy jointly increase perceived pleasure, which subsequently predicts hotel booking intention. Contrary to common assumptions, social presence weakens the pleasure - intention relationship, implying that heightened interactivity may introduce distraction or evaluative pressure that dampens conversion-oriented motivation in hotel livestreaming. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (VDH)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)-(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)VDH(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)VDH(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), VDH(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), VDH(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).
