The Mato Grosso do Sul State University (Portuguese: Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, UEMS) is a public university in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It has 15 campuses all over the state, and its rectory is located in the city of Dourados..
The use of plant-derived nutraceuticals in aquaculture has increased, including in ornamental species. Guavira (Campomanesia guazumifolia) is a native Cerrado plant with reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the toxicity and functional effects of C. guazumifolia leaf decoction as a feed additive for Geophagus pyrocephalus. Acute toxicity assays were conducted using Artemia salina (1.5–1000 µg mL⁻¹) and juvenile fish (0.1–500 µg mL⁻¹), alongside a 30-day feeding trial with dietary inclusion levels of 0, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg kg⁻¹. The decoction exhibited high toxicity, with LD₅₀ values of 23.29 µg mL⁻¹ for A. salina and 50.03 µg mL⁻¹ for G. pyrocephalus. In fish, mortality increased markedly at concentrations ≥ 100 µg mL⁻¹, accompanied by elevated plasma glucose and severe gill lesions, including epithelial hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, and necrosis. Despite this toxicity, dietary supplementation at 250 mg kg⁻¹ significantly enhanced muscle antioxidant activity, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels increasing by approximately 2.5-fold compared to the control (p < 0.05), without affecting growth performance or survival. In contrast, higher inclusion levels (≥ 1000 mg kg⁻¹) were associated with reduced condition factor and increased hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT), indicating metabolic stress. In conclusion, C. guazumifolia leaf decoction presents a narrow safety margin, combining pronounced toxicity at relatively low concentrations with beneficial antioxidant effects at low dietary inclusion. The dose of 250 mg kg⁻¹ is suggested as a safe and functional level for G. pyrocephalus, highlighting the importance of dose optimization for its application in ornamental aquaculture.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the total replacement of Tifton-85 hay with faveira (Parkia platycephala) pod meal on the ingestive behavior, physiological, and metabolic parameters of finishing lambs fed high-concentrate diets (faveira pod meal, 30
Background Tuberculosis (TB) persists as a global threat, with unequal burden across populations. New TB vaccines are in development, and people deprived of liberty (PDL) represent a vulnerable group that may benefit from vaccination. This study evaluated acceptability of a hypothetical new TB vaccine and factors associated with hesitancy among PDL in Brazil. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study among PDL in six male and two female prison units from April 2025 to October 2025. From each unit,130 PDL were randomized to be evaluated through a structured questionnaire about sociodemographic status, TB knowledge, acceptability of a hypothetical vaccine and attitudes towards TB vaccination, including Likert-scale statements. We compared characteristics and vaccine attitudes by prison type and by vaccine acceptance status. Results Of the 1040 individuals randomized, 945 provided consent to study procedures and were interviewed. Four were excluded due to missing questionnaire answers, with 941 included for main analysis. In total, 95.2% of individuals reported that they would take the TB vaccine if available for them, with 94.1% and 98.7% of acceptance in male and female prisons, respectively. Compared to females, male individuals reported more distrust in vaccine safety (28.9% vs 14.5%, p < 0.001), more community coercion to vaccine uptake (15.4% vs 5.6%, p < 0.001) and worse TB knowledge (44.6% vs 31.2%, p < 0.001). Overall, among individuals that would not accept vaccination, 77.8% and 55.6% of them did not trust vaccine safety and efficacy, respectively, 60.0% did not trust healthcare workers and 20.0% reported community coercion. Conclusion We found that acceptability of a new TB vaccine in prisons was high. Despite differences in intent to vaccinate regarding gender, individuals that refused vaccination more often reported distrust in vaccine products and healthcare. A significant proportion of them reported community coercion for vaccine uptake. Our findings suggest that a new TB vaccine would be accepted among PDL.
The objective was to evaluate the genetic groups, categories, and carcass classification of beef cattle to obtain incentives from bonus programs in the meatpacking sector of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. A total of 137 reports from the slaughter of 11,174 animals - castrated male, intact male, and heifers - belonging to the genetic groups Angus, ½ Angus × ½ Nelore (crossbred), and Nelore, were analyzed. The carcasses were evaluated according to the criteria of the following programs: Lista Trace, Cota Hilton, Novilho Precoce, Farol de Qualidade, Protocol 1953, and Protocol Angus. Producer payments were based on the value of the arroba (15 kg of carcass weight, @) in Brazilian reais (R), and the bonus amount awarded by each incentive program according to its specific criteria (R/@). For the carcasses of castrated and intact animals belonging to the Angus genetic group, the highest incentive values per arroba were paid by the Novilho Precoce program (P < 0.05). For heifer carcasses of the same genetic group, the highest incentive value per arroba was paid by the 1953 > 16@ program (P < 0.05). In the Nelore genetic group, the Novilho Precoce program paid higher bonuses for the carcasses of intact males and heifers (P < 0.001). The production of carcasses from Angus or crossbred heifers results in high incentive payments through the 1953 (payment made for carcasses above 16@) program. For both castrated and intact males of all genetic groups, the highest incentive payments are provided by the Novilho Precoce program.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the supplementation with rumen-protected fat from soybean or palm and thermally processed soybean on the feed intake, digestibility of nutrients, milk production, and milk content of ewes. Twenty-five Pantaneiras ewes, 3–6 years old, 39.8 ± 3.51 kg body weight, and 65 ± 4 days in milk, were distributed into five treatments (5 ewes in each) in a completely randomized design continuous trial, over 56 days. The treatments consisted of daily supplementation with soybean-based rumen-protected fat (SPF; 30 g/d), palm-based rumen-protected fat (PPF; 30 g/d), a blend of soybean and palm rumen-protected fats (Blend; 30 g/d), thermally processed soybean (TPS; 124 g/d), and a control without supplementation. We performed a daily evaluation of feed intake and milk production, and every 14 days, we evaluated the nutrient digestibility, milk composition, and fatty acid profile. The protein and casein content were lower in the SPF treatment. Supplementation with PPF resulted in a higher saturated fatty acid content, while supplementation with TPS resulted in higher monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents. The supplementation with SPF resulted in higher milk fatty acid functionality. Feeding ewes SPF or TPS enhanced nutrient intake and digestibility, leading to increased milk production and an improved milk fatty acid profile. In contrast, supplementation with PPF resulted in a less favorable fatty acid composition.
