Maulana Azad College is a public institute of liberal arts, commerce and science in India, located in central Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The college is fully government-administered. It is located near the junction of Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road and SN Banerjee Road, popularly called "Lotus crossing". It is affiliated to the University of Calcutta. The college also offers numerous courses in languages associated with Muslim culture, such as Urdu, Arabic, and Persian. The college offers both post-graduate (English, Zoology and Urdu) and under-graduate courses in a number of subjects in the three streams of arts, science and commerce. It is accredited an ('A') grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). The college has been given the status of 'Centre of Potential for Excellence' by UGC.The college has produced distinguished and notable nationalists, politicians, educationists, judges, ministers, novelists, IAS, IPS and WBCS officers..
This study, conducted across 11 locations in Digha, West Bengal (India), analyzed entomological indices and physicochemical parameters of water from breeding habitats. Based on the hypothesis that symbiotic midgut bacteria aid mosquito larvae in managing environmental stress, bacteria were isolated from third-instar larvae. Two isolates, Bacillus cereus (SBGB1 - MH718822) and Acinetobacter sp. (SBGB2 - AB208676), were characterized and found to mitigate oxidative stress. The absence of these bacteria significantly increased oxidative stress biomarkers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde), impairing larval development. These findings suggest disrupting stress management mechanisms could be an innovative strategy for mosquito control.
ABSTRACT In this work, ZnAl0.1Sn0.1Fe1.8O4 (ZASFO) ferrites were synthesized via a sol–gel auto‐combustion route and sintered at 800°C, 1000°C, and 1200°C to systematically investigate the influence of thermal processing on vibrational, elastic, and dielectric properties. X‐ray diffraction confirms the formation of a single‐phase cubic spinel structure for all samples. FT‐IR analysis reveals characteristic tetrahedral (ν1) and octahedral (ν2) metal–oxygen stretching modes, from which site‐specific force constants were evaluated. The tetrahedral force constant increases markedly with sintering temperature, indicating enhanced lattice rigidity and improved crystallinity. Elastic moduli derived from IR‐based lattice dynamical analysis show increased stiffness, sound velocity, and Debye temperature at higher sintering temperatures, reflecting strengthened metal–oxygen bonding and reduced lattice disorder. Dielectric measurements demonstrate strong frequency dispersion governed by Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization and Koop's model, with enhanced dielectric constant and reduced high‐frequency loss for samples sintered at higher temperatures. AC conductivity follows Jonscher's universal power law, confirming hopping‐dominated charge transport associated with Fe2+/Fe3+ pairs at octahedral sites. The combined effects of Al3+‐induced lattice stabilization, Sn4+‐driven charge compensation, and sintering‐controlled microstructural evolution establish clear structure–property correlations, highlighting ZASFO ferrites as promising candidates for dielectric and multifunctional energy applications.
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining host metabolic balance and immune homeostasis, with increasing evidence linking its dysregulation to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and integrative analysis of gut microbiota-mediated immune modulation in Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer. A structured literature-based approach was employed to examine recent studies focusing on microbial composition, metabolite production, and host microbe immune interactions. We summarize the role of key microbial metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids, in regulating immune responses, maintaining gut barrier integrity, and modulating systemic inflammation. In addition, the bidirectional communication along the gut–brain axis is discussed, highlighting its differential involvement in neurodegenerative disorders, while microbiota driven immune mechanisms contributing to tumorigenesis are also evaluated. Importantly, this review emphasizes the translational relevance of microbiome-targeted interventions, including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and emerging postbiotic strategies, in modulating disease progression and therapeutic outcomes. Although limitations lies in correlating the human gut microbiota to the results obtained from the animal studies which may not fully reflect the physiological conditions of the human gut as it is affected by several factors, this work provides a unified framework linking gut microbiota, immune regulation, and disease pathogenesis, and outlines future directions for the development of targeted and personalized microbiome-based therapies which may be achieved through well designed longitudinal and large scale clinical studies further.
The synthesis of 2-Benzoyl-3-methylbenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives have been designed in the presence of glycerol as a green medium. The synthesis begins with the reaction of mercaptobezimidazole and aromatic ketones in a glycerol to offer 2-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)thio)-1-phenylethanone. The resulting intermediate is further reacted with acetic anhydride to achieve final 2-Benzoyl-3-methylbenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles. The present protocols have various features such as appreciable yield, environmentally benign, enhance reaction rate and avoid toxic metal catalyst and volatile hazardous solvents.
This study investigates how behavioral biases influence the investment decisions of retail investors in Kolkata, India, with particular emphasis on the moderating roles of financial literacy and financial awareness. Despite the rapid expansion of India’s financial markets and increased retail participation, investors often exhibit irrational behavior driven by psychological biases. This study seeks to answer the following research question: To what extent do behavioral biases affect the investment decisions of retail investors in Kolkata, India, and how effectively do financial literacy and financial awareness mitigate these effects? Using primary data collected from 444 retail investors in Kolkata, this study employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the conceptual framework. The findings reveal that behavioral biases—namely overconfidence, anchoring, herd behavior, and loss aversion—significantly and negatively affect investment decisions. However, financial literacy and financial awareness not only positively influence decision-making but also significantly moderate the relationship between behavioral biases and investment outcomes. This study contributes to behavioral finance literature by distinguishing between financial literacy and financial awareness as separate constructs and demonstrating their dual role as both direct and moderating factors. The findings have important implications for policymakers, financial educators, and investment advisors in designing targeted interventions to improve investor decision-making.
