Meerut College is a state-funded college in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. The college is affiliated to Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut. The college was established in 1892 and has a campus of 100 acres (0.40 km2). The college has glorious history of achievements in academics and other fields. Personalities from Prime Minister, Governors, Ambassadors, Cabinet Ministers, Member's of Parliament, State Assemblies, Judges, innumerable Administrators IAS, IFS, IRS, National Poets, Advocates, Social Workers, Scientists, leading Industrialist and Educationists have been students of this college..
The digenean Clinostomum piscidium collected from the banded gourami (Trichogaster fasciata Bloch and Schneider, 1801) in India was morphologically identified, and the mitogenome was sequenced. Our results demonstrate that the parasite mitogenome is 14,318 bp long and consists of 12 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and two non-coding control regions. Nucleotide skewness of the mt genome did not differ so much from other congeners. To date, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome is available for only two Clinostomum species, Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum sinensis. Clinostomum piscidium exhibits a similar reorganization of the genome in comparison to all other sequenced Clinostomum species mt genomes except for the NCRs. The non-coding regions, the short NCR (SNCR) and long NCR (LNCR) are present and located between trnE and trnG and nad5 and trnE, respectively, in the C. piscidium genome. This is the first report on the mitogenome of Clinostomum sp. from India. The results provide data for further studies of the taxonomy and systematics of Clinostomum spp. It also advances Clinostomum mitochondrial genome resources, and thus offers imperative insights into the taxonomy and species identification of this genus.
Pesticides are extensively used in modern agriculture but pose significant hazards to soil, water, air, and overall ecosystem health. This systematic review synthesizes findings from studies published between 2000 and 2025 to evaluate pesticide-induced ecological risks and the potential of omics-driven microbial degradation strategies for their mitigation. The analysis identifies major pesticide classes, including organophosphates, organochlorines, and herbicides, as key contributors to environmental persistence, toxicity, and disruption of microbial and trophic dynamics. Evidence from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studies highlights the role of specific functional genes and metabolic pathways in facilitating pesticide degradation and detoxification. Importantly, integration of multi-omics approaches provides a comprehensive understanding of microbial responses and enhances the prediction of degradation efficiency, thereby supporting targeted and effective bioremediation strategies. These processes contribute directly to hazard mitigation by reducing pesticide persistence, toxicity, and environmental exposure. However, challenges such as limited field-scale validation, variability in omics methodologies, and data integration constraints remain. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of integrating omics-based approaches with risk-oriented frameworks to develop sustainable and scalable solutions for pesticide management. Not applicable.
Diazoacetonitrile is a historically significant yet long-underutilized diazo compound whose synthetic potential has only recently begun to be realized. Since its discovery, this reagent remained largely unexplored owing to its high nitrogen content and associated safety concerns. Recent advances in in situ generation and continuous-flow technologies, however, have enabled the safe handling and controlled use of diazoacetonitrile, leading to a renewed surge of interest in its chemistry. Owing to its unique ability to function as a carbene precursor while simultaneously introducing a synthetically versatile nitrile group, diazoacetonitrile provides efficient access to a wide range of structurally diverse molecular frameworks. This review summarizes recent developments in the preparation, reactivity, and synthetic applications of diazoacetonitrile, with particular emphasis on cycloaddition reactions (3 + 2, 4 + 1, and 2 + 1), C-H insertion reactions, and other metal-carbene-mediated processes. Beyond carbene chemistry, diazoacetonitrile can generate additional reactive intermediates, including nitrone ylides, nitrile ylides, and ketenimines, and may also act as a carbon-centered nucleophile. Special attention is given to the construction of biologically relevant heterocyclic and carbocyclic scaffolds. Current limitations and future opportunities, particularly in asymmetric synthesis and medicinal chemistry, are also discussed.
Thick films of undoped ZnO and Hf/In doped ZnO were synthesized by sol-gel process followed by screen-printing. The microstructural and optical properties of prepared thick films were studied in order to study the effects of variation in dopant ions. Microstructural studies by X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the hexagonal ZnO formation in undoped as well as in Hf-/In-doped ZnO thick films. Both of the dopants induced lowering of the transmittance and also the optical band-gap. The photoluminescence spectra of undoped sample as well as doped samples show one emission peak in UV region, and a broad-band emission in visible region. The sample doped with Hf-/In- showed significant reduction in luminescence as compared to undoped ZnO.
