NiCo2O4 nanoflakes (NFs) were synthesized by microwave irradiation method. Characterization of the synthesized NiCo2O4 NFs was done using XRD, FTIR, SAED, SEM, HR-TEM and XPS. The crystallite size calculated using Debye-Scherrer formula was found to be similar to 7.86 and nanoflake morphology was confirmed using SEM/TEM. Electrochemical studies, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were conducted to evaluate the performance. In a three-electrode system, NiCo2O4 NFs demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 932 F g(-)(1) at a scan rate of 5 mVs(-)(1) and retained 97.37% capacitance after 2000 cycles at 5 A g(-)(1). Asymmetric supercapacitor device (NiCo2O4 ||6 M KOH|| AC) delivered a maximal energy density of 25.90 Wh Kg(-)(1) and power density of 96.92 W Kg(-)(1). Due to rapid redox activity and superior electron-ion transport, NiCo2O4 NFs exhibited excellent properties for usage in high performance supercapacitors with exceptional power density.
Nitrogen containing organic compounds especially five membered emerged as promising corrosion inhibitors towards mild steel (MS) in acidic media due to their effective corrosion inhibition efficacy and distinct structures. In search of new molecules, authors have synthesized two phenylhydrazone linked 1,2,3-triazole hybrids (PHT1 and PHT2) as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel via Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen's 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and characterized them using various spectral methods such as FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. Further, their anticorrosive potential was studied by weight loss method, EIS and PDP measurements followed by DFT computations and molecular dynamics studies. The corrosion inhibition studies using gravimetric analysis suggested that PHT1 exhibited highest corrosion inhibition potential for mild steel at 298 K with efficiency (eta wL) of 97.05 %, while PHT2 is found to exhibit maximum inhibition of 96.60 % at 250 ppm concentration. Activation energy, enthalpy and entropy of activation supports the physisorption of these inhibitors on the mild steel surface through electrostatic interactions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements showed that PHT1 and PHT2 have corrosion inhibition efficiency of 96.81 % and 95.99 %, respectively, at 250 ppm concentration and found to be promising corrosion inhibitors. Further, PDP results showed that both compounds function as mixed type corrosion inhibitors and promisingly retards anodic dissolution and cathodic hydrogen production at the MS surface. DFT calculations indicated that the values of eta is relatively lesser, sigma is higher, that it means the proposed corrosion inhibitors are soft in nature and showed higher reactivity. The second-order Fukui analysis indicates the presence of multiple electrophilic as well as nucleophilic sites in both proposed corrosion inhibitors. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicate the adsorption energy is higher for PHT1 than PHT2, indicating a stronger inhibition capability of the PHT2 molecule over the MS surface.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into telecommunications infrastructure introduces novel risks, such as algorithmic bias and unpredictable system behavior, that fall outside the scope of traditional cybersecurity and data protection frameworks. This paper introduces a precise definition and a detailed typology of telecommunications AI incidents, establishing them as a distinct category of risk that extends beyond conventional cybersecurity and data protection breaches. It argues for their recognition as a distinct regulatory concern. Using India as a case study for jurisdictions that lack a horizontal AI law, the paper analyzes the country's key digital regulations. The analysis reveals that India's existing legal instruments, including the Telecommunications Act, 2023, the CERT-In Rules, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, focus on cybersecurity and data breaches, creating a significant regulatory gap for AI-specific operational incidents, such as performance degradation and algorithmic bias. The paper also examines structural barriers to disclosure and the limitations of existing AI incident repositories. Based on these findings, the paper proposes targeted policy recommendations centered on integrating AI incident reporting into India's existing telecom governance. Key proposals include mandating reporting for high-risk AI failures, designating an existing government body as a nodal agency to manage incident data, and developing standardized reporting frameworks. These recommendations aim to enhance regulatory clarity and strengthen long-term resilience, offering a pragmatic and replicable blueprint for other nations seeking to govern AI risks within their existing sectoral frameworks.
This study addresses the critical challenge of damping management in miniaturized MEMS gyroscopes, essential for navigation and industrial applications. Recently, a novel MEMS gyroscope having many performance advantages and utilizing a vertical sense mass (VSM) instead of a conventional planar sense mass (PSM) was reported. The VSM design, using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), offers a superior Figure of merit, compact footprint and utilizes in-plane sense motion. This paper presents a comparative analysis of energy dissipation mechanisms and their impact on the quality factor (Q-factor) in a VSM gyroscope design versus a conventional PSM architecture, both under identical sense mass areas. The research systematically investigates various damping mechanisms, including air damping (squeeze film and slide film), thermoelastic damping, material damping (Rayleigh damping), anchor loss, viscous damping and acoustic damping. The results show that despite vacuum packaging, residual air damping remains significant. Our results show that trends of damping mechanisms for both designs are similar; however, the net quality factor (QTotal) in VSM shows an improvement by a factor of 8 compared to a conventional PSM design. Furthermore, regarding Q versus temperature variation, although trends are similar for both designs, the VSM design exhibits a higher Q by a factor of 2.7. This comprehensive analysis aims to elucidate how the unique VSM geometry affects damping characteristics, ultimately enhancing performance metrics. Further, VSM exhibits higher sense displacement up to a quality factor of 100, beyond which both designs show comparable displacement. For bandwidth, VSM consistently offers similar to 20 times higher bandwidth across all Q values, while also achieving similar to 3.33 times lower noise. Sensitivity analysis reveals that, due to fabrication imperfections, the maximum variation in QTotal is +/- 12.8 %. The proposed VSM design is validated with the state-of-the-art designs and experimental results.
Background:Nigeria has one of the highest burdens of zero-dose (ZD) children, those who have not received the first dose of pentavalent vaccine, despite multiple national and partner initiatives to strengthen routine immunization. A coordinated national learning agenda is required to guide evidence generation and use for reducing ZD children. The study objective is to describe the process and outcomes of a national stakeholder workshop that used a modified Delphi approach to prioritise learning questions on ZD children in Nigeria. Methodology:The Zero-Dose Learning Hub (ZDLH) convened a national workshop of immunization stakeholders from government, development partners, and civil society. A three-round modified Delphi process was used. In Round 1 (pre-workshop), participants independently scored learning questions derived from global Gavi learning priorities and Nigerian political-economy analyses. In Round 2 (during the workshop), participants discussed and re-scored questions in plenary and small groups. In Round 3 (post-workshop), participants completed a final independent ranking. Results:Ten learning questions were prioritised under three themes: equity, health systems, and innovation. The highest-ranked questions consistently focused on identifying and monitoring zero-dose & under-immunised children; understanding who and where they are and why they are missed; and health-system factors influencing their identification and measurement. Community engagement, data harmonisation, and capacity-building emerged as secondary but important areas. Conclusion:The workshop generated a nationally owned learning agenda that highlights Nigeria's most urgent evidence needs for reaching ZD children. The prioritised questions provide a practical roadmap for NPHCDA and partners to strengthen immunization equity, guide operational research, and support targeted programme implementation.
