The Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublikos vidaus reikalų ministerija) is charged with the oversight of public safety, border protection, migration control, emergency response, public administration and governance, the civil service, and local and regional development initiatives. Its operations are authorized by the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, decrees issued by the President and Prime Minister, and laws passed by the Seimas (Parliament). The current head of the ministry is Agnė Bilotaitė..
Forensic and legal practitioners benefit from having an empirically derived estimate of the risk that men who access online child sexual exploitation materials (CSEM) will go on to commit further sexual offences. Given the increase in the distribution and use of such materials, the authors sought to derive an estimate, drawing on studies published up to the beginning of 2025. We searched databases that investigated recidivism rates among those convicted of at least one CSEM offence. Four random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to derive the pooled prevalence rates of (1) any sexual re-offending, (2) contact sexual re-offending, (3) CSEM re-offending and (4) violent re-offending. We identified 21 studies of 15,077 individuals. Meta-analyses revealed that, in those convicted of at least one online CSEM offence, 3.41% committed any sexual re-offence, 0.66% committed a contact sexual re-offence, 3.05% committed an online CSEM re-offence and 1.12% committed a violent re-offence over an average follow-up time of approximately 4 years. High heterogeneity was detected across all analyses. Findings indicate low recidivism rates despite the increased availability of such materials online. The use of official conviction data alone is likely to underestimate re-offending rates. Nonetheless, these findings can critically inform risk assessments and sentencing practices in this population.
Saliva is a biological fluid that can be found at various crime scenes and mainly presents two challenges for the forensic analysis: its identification and the estimation of the time since deposition (TSD). In this study, the performance of Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Principal Component Regression (PCR) models is compared for estimating the TSD of human saliva stains using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Saliva samples were obtained from eight donors and deposited on various surfaces, exposed to different environmental conditions (indoor and outdoor) and analyzed over a period ranging from 0 to 212 days. The results indicate that PLSR outperforms PCR in terms of Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) in all cases. This improvement is particularly evident on paper surfaces, where PLSR reduces the RMSE by 10.45 days under indoor conditions and by 13.47 days under outdoor conditions compared to PCR. On woven surfaces, PLSR improves the RMSE by 3.19 days under indoor conditions and by 8.27 days under outdoor conditions compared to PCR. These results highlight the potential of vibrational spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods for the in situ forensic analysis of biological fluids at crime scenes.
Limited research exists on encounters between youth experiencing behavioral health crises and the police in school settings. Using data collected from police incident reports generated from a stratified random sample of 57 Boston Public School buildings over the 2017-18 school year, we analyze factors that are correlated with the outcomes of incidents that have a likely behavioral health component, including the demographic characteristics of the students involved, key incident characteristics, and the impact of comprehensive on-site behavioral health services. Findings suggest that police are often called upon to assist with young students experiencing crises in schools; that the availability of comprehensive on-site behavioral health services does appear to reduce reliance on police; and that criminalization is a low-frequency event.
Objective: To document the frequency of motorbike accidents among licensed and unlicensed two-wheeler rider in rela-tion to the age of two-wheeler rider.Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Data were collected from three major medi-co-legal centers in public sector hospitals: JPMC (Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre), CHK (Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital), and Abbasi Shaheed Hospital over a five-year period (2018–2022). Ethical approval and consent were ob-tained from the Police Surgeon, data privacy and confidentiality was ensured. 11,444 two-wheeler accidents were in-cluded. The age of the injured rider and whether they had a valid driver's license were variables of interest. Version 23.0 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to conduct the statistical analysis.Results: showed that young people and young adults are disproportionately ride two-wheeler without driving licenses and are responsible for the bulk of two-wheeler accidents in Karachi. Poor compliance in the 19–29 age group and the lack of licensing among minors (less than 18 years old) point to structural issues with enforcement and regulation. We found burden of accidents comparatively smaller for older drivers.Conclusion: Two-wheeler accidents is a major public health issue. As major burden, of two-wheeler accidents is asso-ciated with unlicensed rider and younger age, strict enforcement of licensing regulations and targeted awareness cam-paign for teenagers and young adults are needed to reduce the burden of two-wheeler accidents in KarachiKey words: Road traffic accidents, Two-wheeler, Age, Driving license,
