This review aims to explore the potential role of oral antipyretics (aspirin (ASA)/ acetaminophen), commonly known for fever and pain control, in managing fatigue, temperature regulation, and exercise capacity in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), with a focus on nursing implications for symptom management. A systematic review of existing clinical studies assessing the effects of aspirin/ acetaminophen on MS-related fatigue, thermoregulation, and exercise performance. Electronic databases including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched up to March 2024. Quality assessment was conducted using the Cochrane risk of bias tool 2. to evaluate the methodological rigor of included studies. Outcomes analyzed included clinically assessed fatigue scores, exercise endurance, and post-exercise thermoregulation, with attention to potential risks associated with aspirin use. After assessment of 57 reports for eligibility, only seven studies met inclusion criteria; results indicated that aspirin pretreatment significantly improved Time to Exhaustion (TTE) in heat-sensitive MS patients (p = 0.013), though one study reported no significant effect. Aspirin reduced post-exercise temperature rise by 56
Thermal processing and storage of edible oils promote lipid oxidation, generating compounds that may affect nutritional quality and consumer safety. After ingestion, these compounds are further transformed by gut microbiota, altering their chemical fate and biological impact. The current study applied an integrated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS/MS) workflow coupled with feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) and chemometric analysis to simultaneously track primary and secondary metabolites formed during oil oxidation and subsequent gut microbial metabolism in corn, sesame, and sunflower oils. Metabolite profiling enabled the annotation of 89 primary metabolites by GC-MS and 55 secondary metabolites by UPLC-HRMS/MS-FBMN. Gut microbiota incubation markedly reduced several oxidation-related compounds, including 2,4-decadienal (0.05-0.11%), 2,4-nonadienal (0.01-0.25%), N-nitrosodiethanolamine (0.03-0.05%), 3,5-diethyl-2-methylpyrazine (0.02-0.24%), oxalic acid (1.2-1.8%), and diethylene glycol (0.2-0.4%), compared with uninoculated controls. In contrast, microbial incubation increased phenol (39-46%) and indole (18.2-22.6%), indicating active microbial metabolism of aromatic amino acids. These findings demonstrate how oxidation-derived oil metabolites are dynamically reshaped by human gut microbiota using a unified multi-platform metabolomics strategy, providing insight into the post-ingestion chemical fate of thermally processed edible oils.
Lung cancer affects millions of people annually, and while many nodules are resectable, some are difficult to localize because of their small size or depth. CT-guided localization techniques, particularly hook-wire placement and dye marking, are commonly used to facilitate surgical identification of pulmonary nodules. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the safety and perioperative outcomes of these two approaches. PubMed Central, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Ovid were searched from inception to May 2025 for comparative studies of hook-wire versus dye-based localization for pulmonary nodules. Ten studies were included. Hook-wire localization was associated with significantly higher risks of lung hemorrhage (RR = 2.48, 95
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease, marked by excessive fibrosis and activation of developmental signaling pathways. Candesartan (CAN), an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, is primarily used to treat hypertension but also exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. AT1R signaling promotes fibrosis through upregulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a natural antioxidant derived from caffeic and quinic acids, mitigates oxidative stress and inhibits TGF-β-induced apoptosis through glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of CAN (10 mg/kg), CGA (15 mg/kg), and their combination in a bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model, focusing on modulation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Treatment with CAN, CGA, and their combination significantly reversed BLM-induced elevation in proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), restored alveolar and bronchiolar architecture, decreased collagen deposition, and downregulated TGF-β expression, indicating anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. Importantly, all treatments suppressed Hedgehog pathway activation by downregulating Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Patched 1 (Ptch1) gene expression, along with reduced expression of glioma-associated oncogene homologs (Gli) 1 and Gli3. Increased levels of Gli3 repressor (Gli3-REP) and decreased GSK-3β phosphorylation further confirmed Hedgehog pathway inhibition. In conclusion, the current study provides the first evidence that CAN, CGA, and their combination modulate the Hedgehog pathway, suggesting their potential as novel therapeutic strategies for IPF.
This work investigates the mechanical characteristics of epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon oxide (SiO2) nanoparticles. The intrinsic brittleness and low impact resistance of neat epoxy resin limit its use in high-performance settings, despite its benefits, which include high stiffness, chemical stability, and thermal resistance. The inclusion of nano-sized reinforcements was investigated as a solution to these constraints, with the objective of improving the impact, tensile, flexural, and compressive qualities of epoxy-based composites. The presence of nanoparticles significantly improved all tested properties, according to mechanical characterization. The tensile strength of the nanocomposites increased from 67 MPa for pure epoxy to 84 MPa for the composite that contained 2 wt.
