Nagaland University is a Central University established in the state of Nagaland by an Act of Parliament by the Government of India in 1989. It is headquartered at Lumami, Zünheboto District. Two other permanent campuses are located at Meriema (near Kohima) and Medziphema. Also there is a temporary campus in Dimapur where B.Tech courses are offered. Altogether 68 colleges are affiliated to the university with a total student population of around 24,000. Different Courses in 43 disciplines are offered at University and college levels in M.A, M.Sc, M.Com, MBA, M.Ed, M.Sc (Agri.), B.Tech, B.Sc (Agri.), LL.B, B.Ed, B.Sc, B.A, B.Com, BBA, BCA, B.Sc (Nursing) and B.Voc.
For over five decades, sodium alginate (SA) has been widely employed in pharmaceutical formulations due to its environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and biocompatible nature. Primarily sourced from brown seaweed, this natural polymer plays a crucial role in enhancing drug delivery control. It serves as a versatile excipient in numerous dosage forms such as capsules, tablets, liposomes, and microspheres. SA ionotropic gelation with calcium ions allows drug and enzyme encapsulation for controlled release. Structurally, SA consists of α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid monomers linked via glycosidic bonds, enabling the formation of strong, porous hydrogels capable of carrying bioactive substances. These hydrogels have been extensively utilized in ocular and oral drug delivery systems for prolonged therapeutic effect. This review highlights the structural and physicochemical characteristics of SA, its pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, food industry relevance, and recent innovations, while also discussing its potential as a multifunctional material for future drug delivery systems.
Peperomia quadrifolia (L.) Kunth, a diverse genus from the family Piperaceae, is reported here for the first time from India representing a significant eastward range extension for the species. Previously known only from the Neotropics and Africa, this species is documented here as a new addition to the Indian flora. The occurrence of this taxon from the Community Reserved Forest (CRF) of Sakraba, Nagaland, extends its known global distribution further into South Asia region. A detailed taxonomic description, comparison with allied species, phenology, habitat, and conservation status are presented here to facilitate the easy identification of the species.
A new Hg(II) complex 1 was synthesised from a 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde-4-methylthiosemicarbazone ligand (H2L) via one-pot reaction and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The complex 1 adopts a distorted seesaw [HgN2S2] coordination geometry. Coordination to Hg(II) promotes a thione-thiol tautomeric conversion in the ligand (H2L), forming a deprotonated thiolate donor. Structural analysis, combined with Hirshfeld surface and enrichment ratio evaluations, unveiled that O & ctdot;H and C & ctdot;C contacts play dominant roles in supramolecular stabilization. Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis suggests a substantial amount of charge transfer from H2L to Hg(II). These results highlight how the interplay between coordination-induced tautomerism and noncovalent forces governs the molecular organization of the Hg(II) complex. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacies of Hg(II) complex 1 and the free ligand (H2L) towards Gram-positive bacterial strains (viz. Staphylococcus cohnii, Mammaliicoccus lentus, Bacillus cereus, and Corynebacterium stationis) and Gram-negative bacterial strains (viz. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella sonnei) have been evaluated. Moreover, to explore the mechanism of the antibacterial action of 1, time-kill kinetic assay, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cleavage potential, and molecular docking studies are performed.
Precise prediction of rainfall is essential for developing effective policies to mitigate the impacts of climate change. However, due to the nonlinear and complex nature, forecasting rainfall remains a significant challenge. Traditional data-driven methods often fail to capture these intricacies. In the present study, a novel hybrid model is proposed that combines Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architectures-specifically Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)-enhanced with a boosting ensemble strategy. The proposed CEEMDAN-based hybrid model is designed to better extract and learn underlying patterns in rainfall time series data. This approach has been applied to model annual rainfall in India and three of its major climatic subdivisions. The performance of the hybrid model is benchmarked against conventional stochastic models such as Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model, as well as deep learning techniques including LSTM, GRU, AdaBoost-LSTM, and AdaBoost-GRU. Empirical comparison of different model is carried out using multiple performance metrics: Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Relative RMSE (RRMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Results demonstrate that the CEEMDAN-based hybrid approach significantly outperforms individual models, offering more reliable and accurate predictions of complex rainfall patterns. This highlights the potential of advanced hybrid deep learning techniques in enhancing climate modelling and decision-making processes.
Biomass-derived materials have attracted increasing attention as green corrosion inhibitors due to their renewability, eco-friendliness, and structural tunability. In this study, self-doped sulfur and nitrogen carbon quantum dots (ACDs) were synthesized from apple leaves via a hydrothermal carbonization method and systematically evaluated for their corrosion inhibition performance on copper in H2SO4 solution. Morphological and compositional analyses confirmed uniform nanoscale dispersion and the successful incorporation of S and N heteroatoms, providing abundant active adsorption sites. Electrochemical measurements revealed an inhibition efficiency of 94.0 % at 100 mg/L ACD concentration, which further improved to 96.2 % with prolonged immersion, indicating excellent long-term protection. Spectroscopic analysis showed a significant reduction in corrosion product formation upon ACD treatment. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations identified pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N groups as the most favorable adsorption sites, forming vertically aligned configurations with strong interfacial interactions. These results suggest that ACDs form a stable, compact protective layer on the Cu surface, effectively blocking ion transport and mitigating corrosion. This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of biomass-based quantum dot inhibitors and offers a promising strategy for sustainable corrosion protection in acidic environments.
