Статья анализирует особенности профессиональной деятельности женщин-моряков в гражданском судоходстве сквозь призму экономики труда. На основе международных данных, российских нормативных изменений и отечественных исследований показано, что при объективном «окне возможностей» — цифровизации процессов, автоматизации и дефиците офицерских кадров — судовая занятость женщин остаётся системно ограниченной. Автор выявляет и классифицирует ключевые барьеры: институциональные (правовые режимы, процедуры рекрутинга, доступ к плавпрактике), организационно-технологические (режимы вахт, инфраструктура на борту и пр.), социокультурные (стереотипы, дефицит наставничества). Показано, что экономические выгоды инклюзии (расширение кадрового пула, снижение транзакционных издержек найма, повышение устойчивости экипажей) реализуются при условии прозрачных процедур оценки и продвижения, стандартизации «здоровьесберегающей» судовой среды и институционализации наставничества. Предложен управленческий контур изменений на макро-, мезо- и микроуровнях: публичная гендерная статистика, квоты на плавпрактику и программы менторства, адаптированные требования к инфраструктуре и СИЗ, а также метрики эффективности, увязанные с безопасностью и качеством операций. Результаты адресованы судоходным компаниям, отраслевым регуляторам и образовательным центрам подготовки моряков. The article analyzes the features of the professional activities of women seafarers in civil shipping through the prism of labor economics. Based on international data, Russian regulatory changes, and domestic research, it has been shown that with an objective "window of opportunity" — digitalization of processes, automation, and a shortage of officer personnel — women's shipboard employment remains systematically limited. The author identifies and classifies the key barriers: institutional (legal regimes, recruitment procedures, access to navigation practices), organizational and technological (shift modes, on-board infrastructure, etc.), socio-cultural (stereotypes, lack of mentoring). It is shown that the economic benefits of inclusion (expanding the personnel pool, reducing the transaction costs of hiring, increasing the sustainability of crews) are realized under the condition of transparent evaluation and promotion procedures, standardization of the "health-saving" ship environment and institutionalization of mentoring. A management outline of changes at the macro, meso, and micro levels is proposed: public gender statistics, quotas for swimming practices and mentoring programs, adapted infrastructure and PPE requirements, as well as performance metrics related to safety and quality of operations. The results are addressed to shipping companies, industry regulators, and educational centers for seafarers.
OBJECTIVE:Study of the efficacy of ampakins (Ampasse) in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke (IS). MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study included 203 patients with IS in the early recovery period who underwent rehabilitation measures at the Doctor Clinic medical facility (Tuimazy, Republic of Bashkortostan) in the period from January 2023 to August 2025. The study included patients with a history of IS no later than 3-6 months before the start date of the study, with signs of anxiety and depression of varying severity, who scored at least 8 points but no higher than 10 (the level of subclinically expressed symptoms) on the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), as well as those who scored the required number of points on The Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment Scale (MoCA) (at least 10 points). The patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group and the control group. In the experimental group, 102 patients received Ampasse therapy in addition to standard therapy. The average age of these patients was 63±8.9 years, 48 of whom were women and 54 were men. In the control group, 101 patients received only basic therapy. The average age of the patients was 66±8.1 years), there were 45 women and 56 men. Throughout the study, the Beck anxiety, Beck depression, HADS, and the Spielberger-Khanin anxiety scales were also used. RESULTS:The dynamics of improvement on all psychometric scales in the experimental group was statistically and clinically more pronounced than in the control group, which received only standard treatment. CONCLUSION:The results of this study demonstrated the positive effect of Ampasse on reducing the symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients after undergoing AI in the early recovery period.
В рамках статьи проанализирован и охарактеризован опыт реализации системы наставничества в органах государственного управления на примере Российской Федерации и иностранных правительственных организаций. Наставничество рассматривается как инструмент наиболее комфортной адаптации, обучения и развития сотрудников. Охарактеризованы различные подходы к наставничеству в государственном секторе в Российской Федерации и за рубежом. Между элементами наставничества выделяются основные сходства и различия. На основе анализа зарубежной литературы выделены основные модели наставничества, реализуемые за рубежом: классическая модель (менторство), супервизия, Buddying (общение), Shadowing (слежка). Сравнительный анализ российского и зарубежного опыта в применении технологий наставничества в органах государственного управления позволяет выявить лучшие практики и предложить пути оптимизации использования указанной технологии. Формируется вывод о возможном использовании зарубежного опыта в реализации технологии наставничества в российской практике для ее более динамичного развития. The article analyzes and characterizes the experience of implementing a mentoring system in government agencies using the example of the Russian Federation and foreign government organizations. Mentoring is considered as a tool for the most comfortable adaptation, training and development of employees. Different approaches to mentoring in the public sector in the Russian Federation and abroad are described. There are major similarities and differences between the elements of mentoring. Based on the analysis of foreign literature, the main mentoring models implemented abroad are identified: the classical model (mentoring), supervision, Buddying (communication), Shadowing (surveillance). A comparative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in the use of mentoring technologies in government bodies allows us to identify best practices and suggest ways to optimize the use of this technology. A conclusion is being formed about the possible use of foreign experience in the implementation of mentoring technology in Russian practice for its more dynamic development.
The research object of the study is represented by the adult working age population of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to develop proposals for improving preventive work with the population based on investigating medical and demographic indicators and analysis of morbidity among the adult working age population of the Russian Federation. The study relied on using analytical methods, statistical methods, and direct observation. We used data provided by Rosstat and the Russian research Institute of Health, the RF Ministry of Health, over the period 2014–2023 and data taken from federal and branch statistical reports. Over five years (2019–2023), the working-age population increased from 82 to 85 million. The mortality rate of the population of the Russian Federation decreased after a sharp rise in the year of COVID-19 (2019) and in 2023 the indicator became lower than in 2019, amounting to 1206.2 ‰00. At the same time, the mortality rate of the working-age population decreased after a sharp increase in 2020, but in 2023 it remained slightly higher than in the pre-COVID period, which determines the importance of preserving the health of the country's human resources. In the structure of newly identified morbidity of the adult working-age population of the Russian Federation (in 2023), the class of respiratory diseases is in the first place (more than 40 %), followed by injuries, poisoning and some other consequences of exposure to external causes, diseases of the genitourinary system, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, etc. Analysis of the primary and general morbidity of the adult working-age population in the Russian Federation in dynamics in the pre-COVID year (2019) and the years of the pandemic (2020-2023) revealed an increase in certain diseases caused or complicated by COVID-19, which require rehabilitation, more intensive preventive work and mass health examinations with wider coverage. In conclusion, we propose some organization forms of preventive work with the population, including working age population.
Статья анализирует институциональные и кадровые возможности системы образования Республики Таджикистан в подготовке специалистов для благотворительной деятельности в медико-социальной сфере. Целью исследования является оценка соответствия текущего образовательного предложения потребностям третьего сектора и формулирование модели «сшивки» образования с практикой НКО. Использован междисциплинарный дизайн: нормативно-правовой анализ (законодательство о благотворительности и волонтёрстве), статистический обзор (охват третичным образованием, сеть медколледжей, обеспеченность кадрами здравоохранения), институциональный срез учебных программ (медицина, сестринское дело, социальная работа) и анализ инициатив международных партнёров. Показано, что при наличии развитой основы (флагманские медвузы, сеть из 23 медколледжей, рост охвата высшим образованием) сохраняются разрывы между академическими планами и практическими компетенциями, ограниченная связанность вузов с НКО, дефицит структурированных pre-/in-service маршрутов и сужение «поля» практик из-за институциональных ограничений в секторе. Предложена комплексная архитектура «мостов»: интеграция NPO-модулей (управление НКО, фандрайзинг, волонтёрский менеджмент, защита данных, кейс-менеджмент), дуальная подготовка и service-learning под супервизией НКО, телесупервизия, профессиональный стандарт «медико-социальный работник НКО» с сертификацией/рецертификацией, гранты «первого рабочего места», а также система KPI и межведомственного мониторинга. Научная новизна состоит в операционализации требований третьего сектора к образовательным результатам и объединении регуляторных, организационных и педагогических решений в единую управленческую рамку. Практическая значимость — в предложении реализуемой дорожной карты на 3 года, способной повысить занятость выпускников по специальности и расширить доступ уязвимых групп к медико-социальным услугам. The article analyzes the institutional and personnel capabilities of the education system of the Republic of Tajikistan in training specialists for charitable activities in the medical and social sphere. The purpose of the study is to assess the compliance of the current educational offer with the needs of the third sector and formulate a model for "linking" education with the practice of NGOs. Interdisciplinary design was used: regulatory and legal analysis (legislation on charity and volunteerism), statistical review (coverage of tertiary education, network of medical colleges, provision of healthcare personnel), institutional cross-section of educational programs (medicine, nursing, social work) and analysis of initiatives of international partners. It is shown that with a well-developed foundation (flagship medical schools, a network of 23 medical colleges, and an increase in higher education enrollment), gaps remain between academic plans and practical competencies, limited university connectivity with NGOs, a shortage of structured pre-/in-service routes, and a narrowing of the "field" of practices due to institutional constraints in the sector. A comprehensive architecture of "bridges" is proposed: integration of NPO modules (NGO management, fundraising, volunteer management, data protection, case management), dual training and service-learning under the supervision of NGOs, regional micro-loans and telepreservation, professional standard "NGO medical and social worker" with certification/recertification, grants of the "first workplace", as well as a KPI and interdepartmental monitoring system. The scientific novelty consists in operationalizing the requirements of the third sector for educational outcomes and combining regulatory, organizational and pedagogical decisions into a single management framework. The practical significance lies in the proposal of an implemented roadmap for 3 years, which can increase the employment of graduates in their specialty and expand the access of vulnerable groups to medical and social services.
