The Nobel Foundation (Swedish: Nobelstiftelsen) is a private institution founded on 29 June 1900 to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes. The Foundation is based on the last will of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite.It also holds Nobel Symposia on important breakthroughs in science and topics of cultural or social significance.
A total of 85 Vietnamese endemic stoneflies belonging to 21 genera and 5 families were recorded. The family Perlidae is the most diverse, followed by Nemouridae and Leuctridae. Endemic diversity is highest in northern Vietnam (45/ 61/ 85 species), moderate in central Vietnam (20/ 37/ 85 species), and lowest in southern Vietnam (3/ 4/ 85 species). Sorensen similarity analysis reveals distinct biogeographical separation among the three regions, with minimal faunal overlap between north and south. Notably, Agnetina jarai Stark and Sivec, 1991; Flavoperla hmong Stark and Sivec, 2008; Kamimuria zonata Sivec and Stark, 2008; Neoperla dao Stark and Sivec, 2008; Neoperla zonata Stark and Sivec, 2008; Sinacroneuria biocellata Stark and Sivec, 2008; Tyloperla catcat Cao and Bae, 2007; Neoperla monacha Stark and Sivec, 2008; Togoperla thinhi Cao and Bae, 2010, were found outside their previously known ranges. In addition, the present study presents updated information on the distribution of endemic Plecoptera species in Vietnam.
Selecting appropriate materials for heavy-wall pressure vessels operating in high-pressure, high-temperature (HTHP) hydrogen environments is crucial due to the risks of embrittlement and disbonding at the cladding interface. Hydrotreatment or hydrocracking reactors, often lined with austenitic stainless steel, face significant challenges in preventing corrosion and maintaining integrity. This study characterizes the Explosion Welding (EXW) interface under these extreme conditions. More than 150 tests, including ASTM G146 disbonding and comprehensive macro/microstructural evaluations, were conducted to assess the material's performance. This paper complements previous work by concluding the study with final G146 test results and detailed macro/microstructural examinations, providing a thorough understanding of the interface's behavior in HTHP hydrogen service environments. These findings support the use of EXW as a reliable cladding technology for hydrogen service applications, ensuring the longevity and safety of pressure vessels in the oil and gas industry.
This paper discusses whether foreign investors have the right to sue the host state outside the national legal system. It analyzes international investment law principles, state sovereignty, and the balance between investor protection and state authority. Using a normative legal method, the paper examines relevant cases and treaties to evaluate how international arbitration affects the sovereignty of developing countries, including Indonesia.
