The article presents the results of experimental studies of the influence of seeding rates on the productivity of winter triticale. Depending on the variety and seeding rate, field germination ranged from 63.4 to 75.7%. Higher field germination is characterised by the winter triticale variety Zimogor from 69.4 to 75.7%. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the fineness of the spike and the weight of the grain depended on the seeding rate. Increase in seeding rate led to a reliable increase in productivity of all three varieties of winter triticale. The highest yield was obtained at a seeding rate of 5 million seeds/ha of germinated seeds, and the lowest - at a seeding rate of 3 million pieces/ha. Consequently, according to the results of our research, we can conclude that the difference in yield between the variants of the experiment was determined by the ear fineness and weight of grain in it (to a less extent), and mainly determined by the number of plants preserved at the time of harvesting. The highest productivity was characterised by the Zimogor variety with a seeding rate of 5 million seeds/ha. On average, its biological yield was 7.60 tonnes/ha. The yield of the Kapriz and Valentin 90 varieties was significantly lower by 1.46 t/ha and 0.70 t/ha, respectively.
The paper presents the results of research on the formation of complex hybrid populations, an assessment of the collection samples of clover on a complex of economically valuable traits for the creation of forage varieties. The basis for the study were promising plants that weresown in a wide row and individually in a row. By negative selection, weak and underdeveloped plants were mowed down. It`s been noticed that there was the direct dependence of clover seeds` creation from the weather conditions. The collection samples of meadow clover`s assessment was given according to the complex of economically valuable features for the creation of the hay –pasture type varieties. The best samples are allocated for the yield of the green mass, the plants` height. The initial material was obtained on the signs of adaptability, yield of green mass, foliage and seed productivity. Promising clover samples were selected for high seed productivity, reaching more than 60 %. Similarly, in accordance with the vertical zonality of the natural habitats of wild introducers, the protein content in plant samples also increases. In terms of fodder yield, the maximum indicators were noted in the varieties Farn, Ustodlivy (Belorussian selection), Orlik (All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Legumes and Millet Crops), complex hybrid populations that exceeded the standard – the Daryal variety by 12-25%. According to seed, Nart varieties were distinguished. Synthetic populations Syn 305-03, Syn 274-94 (selection SKNIIGPSH VNC RAS), FM-143(VNII kordov), Dargavsky, (wild specimen of RSO – Alanya).
Relevance. Crop rotations remain a key element of modern agricultural systems and solve the whole range of tasks for the rational use of land, the reproduction of soil fertility, its protection from erosion, the protection of the environment and the entire agricultural landscape.Methodology. Field studies were conducted on leached chernozem with a close occurrence of pebbles in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the RSO – Alania. The experiment was placed by the method of organized repetitions, the repetition of the experiment is three-fold, the variants were placed by the method of trial plots, the shape of the plot is rectangular. The total area of the plot is 240 m2, the accounting area is 186 m2. The tab of experiments, phenological observations, and statistical processing of the obtained data were carried out according to the generally accepted methods described in the educational and methodological manual of Adinyaev E.D., Abaev A.A., and Adaev N.L. (2013).Results. In the conditions of the foothill zone of the RSO – Alania, the studied crops of the grass-field crop rotation had a positive effect on the structural and aggregate properties of the soil, the water resistance of soil aggregates, as well as on the productivity and energy potential of the cultivated crops. Clover and winter wheat had the most favorable effect on the soil structure, having a longer growing season, a welldeveloped root system, providing better protection of the soil in autumn and spring from the destructive effects of atmospheric precipitation. Row crops in this respect had a low rating. The ability to form structures in potatoes is particularly weak. As a result of the research, it was found that the studied soil has a good structural condition, since it contains from 52.1 to 55.8% of water-bearing aggregates. It was found that the volume mass varied for all crops of the crop rotation. By the end of the growing season, almost all variants showed a tendency to increase the volume mass. In general, the average soil density under all crops was optimal throughout the study period. The highest yield of feed units was noted for the following variants: oats + clover – 9.83 t/ha, clover – 9.49 t/ha, corn – 9.49 t/ha. More digestible protein was contained in the clover crop, the rest of the crops were about the same level. The grass link is more productive, where the collection of feed units and digestible protein significantly exceeded the indicators of the rowed link (7.96 t/ha – grass link and 6.33 t/ha – rowed link).
Relevance. The results of research on the identification of winter triticale varieties most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus are presented.Methods. The research was carried out in 2019–2021 in the fields of SCNIIGPSH VNC RAS on 8 varietal samples: TGI 24/1 (Russia), Almaz (Russia), Capral (Russia), Moderato (Poland), Hortenso (Poland), Grenado (Poland), Gor (Russia), Knyaz (Russia). For a comprehensive assessment and selection of valuable source material during selection for adaptability, a set of techniques was used to establish the reliability of the observed differences and obtain the necessary information about potential productivity and environmental plasticity.Results. The highest ecological plasticity was found in varieties Gor (bi = 0.7) and Hortenso and Grenado (bi = 0.6). According to the coefficient of stability in various growing conditions, the varieties Moderato and TGI 24/1 (S2d = 0.01) turned out to be the best. Varieties Gor, Hortenso and Grenado formed the highest average productivity of the ear over three years, which amounted to 3.6 and 3.3 g/ear, respectively. The share of the factors in the formation of yield was determined. The influence of vegetation conditions was 3.1%, of varietal characteristics — 54.1%. High resistance to environmental stress factors has been established in the varietyModerato, maximum compliance with the environmental conditions of the region — in varieties Gor (3.6), Hortenso (3.3) and Grenado (2.8). High resistance to environmental stress factors has been established in varieties Gor, Hortenso and Grenado, high stability of productivity is found in varieties Moderato and TGI 24/1. In the distinguished varietal samples the plant productivity index (PPI) was: 19,6; 16,4; 18,4; 15,0; 11,1 accordingly, according to the classification table, it corresponds to high productivity. In varieties Almaz, Capral and TGI 24/1, the indicators of the PPI (10.0; 9.8; 10.6) corresponded to the average productivity of winter triticale. The selected cultivars will be used in breeding programs, when creating winter triticale varieties for the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus.
