Quantum processors encode computational information in relative phases and are therefore sensitive to spatially and temporally correlated dephasing. We formulate gravitational redshift as a physically constrained template for such noise. A fixed, known redshift produces a deterministic phase, whereas dephasing arises only when unresolved displacement, timing, or frequency fluctuations are transduced into phase uncertainty; for vertical motion, the conversion factor is βg=ω0g/c02. The gravity-specific content is thus the mapping from geometry fluctuations to phase covariance and frequency-noise spectra, while the resulting Gaussian dephasing dynamics are generic. We test spatial-kernel dependence using exponential, Gaussian, Matérn, and power-law correlations. Circuit-level effects are evaluated with an explicit GHZ-preparation circuit, showing that a full-GHZ-per-layer exponential approximation overestimates loss. For temporal correlations, we derive Sδω=βg2Sh and use a mechanically motivated drift-plus-vibration model, which attributes memory to the mechanical process rather than gravity. Platform estimates indicate that the gravity-transduced contribution is negligible compared with present technical dephasing. The framework therefore provides a falsifiable geometry-to-noise model while keeping mitigation and compilation claims quantitatively cautious.
The objective of the current study was to assess the hepatoprotective properties of nano-phytosomes (CRV-PNPs) loaded with carvacrol (CRV) in response to lead (Pb)- triggered liver injury. Male Wistar rats were assigned to six groups: Control, CRV, CRV-PNPs, Pb, Pb/CRV, and Pb/CRV-PNPs. Pb intoxication led to considerable blood profile disruption; in addition, it lowered serum total protein and its fractions. Pb also provoked an oxidative stress cascade, indicated by reductions in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and glutathione (GSH) levels, coinciding with a marked increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. Pb also increased the inflammatory mediators (NF-kappa B, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, NLRP3). Compared to crude CRV, CRV-PNPs provided significantly better protection against Pb-induced hepatotoxicity by restoring hematological indices and liver function, correcting dyslipidemia, and attenuating histopathological alterations. This protective efficacy was associated with improved antioxidant enzyme activity, diminished oxidative damage, and reduced inflammatory response by downregulating key mediators. Molecular docking revealed that CRV has a strong affinity for antioxidant and inflammatory proteins. The CRV-PNPs exhibited a better protective effect against Pb-induced hepatic damage than crude CRV, which might be attributed to improved stability, solubility, and bioavailability, as well as multiple protective mechanisms.
Migraine is an important contributor to neurological diseases, affecting 14% of the population globally. Lasmiditan (LAS) is a novel, effective antimigraine drug with low oral bioavailability owing to extensive hepatic metabolism and P-gp-mediated efflux. The aim of the present study was to develop a smart thermoresponsive intranasal platform integrating lasmiditan-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (LAS-BSANPs) into an in- situ gel, designed to enhance nasal residence and facilitate nose-to-brain delivery for improved migraine management. LAS-BSANPs were developed using the desolvation method and optimized using the Box–Behnken design (BBD). The optimized LAS-BSANPs (LAS-BSANPs13) revealed low particle size (169.6 nm), low PDI (0.286), high zeta potential (−27.4 mV), high entrapment efficiency (90.34%), and smooth morphology. FTIR analysis showed no interaction between LAS and excipients. Further, LAS-BSANPs13 were incorporated into a thermoresponsive in-situ gel using poloxamer 407 (thermosensitive) and carbopol (bio-adhesive) polymers. The optimized LAS-BSANPs13IG (LAS-BSANPs13IG5) showed an acceptable gelation temperature (28.52 ± 0.25 °C), viscosity (3594 ± 25.23 cps), spreadability (17.18 ± 0.58 cm2/min), bio-adhesive strength (60.90 ± 1.77 dyn/cm2), gel strength (43 s), and drug content (97.39 ± 0.72%). LAS-BSANPs13IG5 exhibited a sustained release profile of LAS (87.43 ± 2.06% in 12 h). LAS-BSANPs13IG5 exhibited significantly higher flux (5.69 μg/cm2. h) than LAS-Sol. Histopathology studies showed no irritation. Intranasal LAS-BSANPs13IG5 exhibited significantly higher brain Cmax (636.31 ± 29.26/mL) than plain LAS-Sol and 2.39-fold higher relative bioavailability compared to oral delivery of LAS-BSANPs13IG5 and a 3.03-fold increase over intranasal LAS-Sol. Further behavioral studies showed significant antimigraine activity of LAS-BSANPs13IG5 compared to LAS-Sol. The novelty of this work lay in the intranasal administration of the optimized LAS-BSANPs13IG5 formulation, which resulted in a marked increase in brain drug exposure, as shown by improved brain AUC, DTE, and DTP compared with intranasal LAS-Sol and oral and intravenous LAS-BSANPs13IG5 administration. These findings suggest that BSANPs-laden in situ gel is a promising delivery system for intranasal LAS delivery for effective migraine management.
The properties of rare-earth spinel chalcogenides depend strongly on how exchange–correlation and relativistic effects are treated. Here, the stability and the mechanical, electronic, magnetic, optical, thermoelectric and thermodynamic properties of the cubic (Fd-3m) spinels BaGd2X4 (X = S, Se) are investigated using the FP-LAPW method. The electronic and transport responses are compared under five schemes: GGA, GGA + mBJ, GGA + SOC, GGA + U and GGA + SOC + U. Negative formation energies (−2.43 and −2.13 eV/atom), a ferromagnetic ground state below two antiferromagnetic configurations, and elastic constants satisfying the Born criteria confirm stability. Pugh (4.60, 4.67) and Poisson (0.39, 0.40) ratios indicate ductility. Both compounds remain spin-polarised semiconductors under every scheme. The Hubbard term (U_eff = 6.6 eV on Gd-4f) widens the gaps to 1.60 eV (BaGd2S4) and 1.40 eV (BaGd2Se4), whereas SOC narrows them to 1.04 and 0.71 eV, with the Se compound more sensitive to relativistic corrections. The total moment of 28 μB per cell is carried mainly by Gd3+ (≈6.9 μB) and is unchanged by SOC and U, consistent with the half-filled 4f7 shell. The optical spectra (0–8 eV) show an absorption onset near 1 eV, a static refractive index of 2.3–3.7 depending on the scheme, and strongest absorption at 6–7.5 eV. Boltzmann transport gives positive Seebeck coefficients of about 250 μV/K at 300 K, indicating p-type conduction. Slack's model yields lattice thermal conductivities of ≈0.07 and ≈ 0.26 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K. Quasi-harmonic analysis (0–8 GPa, 200–800 K) shows the Debye temperature rising with pressure. These findings identify BaGd2X4 as candidate p-type thermoelectric and ultraviolet optoelectronic materials.
The development of low-cost and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts capable of replacing noble-metal catalysts for overall water splitting remains a critical challenge for sustainable hydrogen production. This interest seeks to replace the most expensive noble metals (Pt, Ir/IrO₂, and Ru/RuO₂) in renewable and green energy applications for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, there remain significant limitations, such as lower stability and higher energy consumption. Hence, we report the synthesis of a dual rare-earth element chelated, dual organic linker based bimetallic–organic framework (LaCe-BTC-BIM) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for OER and HER performance. Among the synthesized MOF materials, the LaCe-BTC-BIM electrocatalyst demonstrated an extremely low overpotential of 259 mV toward OER at a constant current density of 10 mA cm⁻² in 1.0 M potassium hydroxide. Similarly, HER tests showed that the LaCe-BTC-BIM exhibited strong activity, with a low overpotential of 295 mV at 10 mA cm⁻². The Tafel slope values were 86 mV dec⁻¹ for OER and 131 mV dec⁻¹ for HER, respectively. Furthermore, a chronoamperometry study was conducted to evaluate the 36 hours (h) long-term stability of LaCe-BTC-BIM for OER and HER. Additionally, we performed a theoretical analysis of the prepared catalysts using DFT and evaluated their OER and HER efficiencies by constructing free-energy profiles. The present study exposes an innovative possibility for the development of robust bifunctional HER and OER electrocatalysts using rare-earth-containing bimetallic organic frameworks.
