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This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of intestinal microbial composition of various migratory bird species, identifying species features of microbiota formation. Between 2024 and 2025 years 183 samples (droppings and gastrointestinal tract swabs) were collected from 15 bird species in Omsk region and 207 microbial cultures were isolated. The dominance of representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family was established (62.3%). The species specificity of microbial profiles were revealed: from a balanced community in mallard (equal proportions of Escherichia and Edwardsiella genera) to a specialized one with absolute dominance of Edwardsiella genus in the garganey. The greatest taxonomic diversity was recorded in white-fronted goose: Escherichia (38.1%), Staphylococcus (16.7%), Bacillus (14.3%) and Enterococcus (11.9%). The microbiome of greylag goose was represented by genera Hafnia (66.7%) and Escherichia (33.3%). Species analysis of seagull microbiome showed that Escherichia constituted the basis of the community in all species, but its proportion varied from 38.9% in the steppe gull to 66.7% in the gray gull. The obtained data substantiate the need for a species-specific approach when monitoring the circulation of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms and confirm the relevance of research within the framework of the “Unified Health” concept. The studied wild bird species, through their seasonal migrations, connect Omsk region with vast regions of Eurasia and Africa, creating pathways for the transcontinental transfer of potentially dangerous microorganisms. This work has practical significance for the development of regional veterinary and sanitary control programs and the assessment of environmental risks associated with the spread of pathogens through migratory birds.
Currently, one of the tools for assessing land resources is digital technology, which enables comprehensive monitoring and analysis of land using satellite data of various spatial resolutions and materials obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles. The digital technology market offers various online platforms for managing agricultural activities, each with its own set of functionalities.
Abstract The study of the influence of immunocompetent organs on the processes of homeostasis regulation after injuries, burns and intoxications is relevant, since any injury causes an imbalance in cellular and humoral immunity. Of interest to us is the spleen, as the largest peripheral organ of immunogenesis and its role in the regulation of cell death of immune cells using the apoptosis regulator marker bcl-2 Aim Determination of the dynamics of expression of the bcl-2 marker in the lymphoid nodules of the spleen in rats after mechanical trauma to the thigh Methods The study was carried out on white mongrel male rats, which were subjected to mechanical damage to the thigh using a special device, comparable in kinetic energy to a 5.6 mm caliber bullet. All manipulations were performed under ether anesthesia, after decapitation, section of the spleen was taken 1,3,7,14 days after injury for all groups of animals and used the immunohistochemical method of verification of antiapoptosis, statistical processing was performed in the Statistica 7 program Result After mechanical trauma to the hip in rats, there is a temporary decrease in their number was noted after 1 and 3 days of the post-traumatic period, which is associated with the activation of lymphocyte migration to peripheral tissues, followed by a gradual recovery and even an increase in density after 14 days. Particularly pronounced activation is observed in the germinal center and periarterial zone, which correlates with the formation of immunological memory and activation of secondary lymphoid structures. Conclusion The obtained data demonstrate a pronounced dynamics of the density of bcl-2 positive lymphocytes in various anatomical zones of the spleen in response to mechanical trauma to the thigh in rats. These changes reflect complex reorganization of the immune system in the context of systemic inflammation and traumatic stress
This article examines the diverse land resources of the Nizhneomsky Municipal District of Omsk Oblast. The district covers an area of 335,396 hectares, 78% of which is agricultural land, demonstrating its agricultural specialization. The soil quality score ranges from 44 to 75 throughout the district, with an average humus content of 5.0 to 5.9%. Saline, solonetzic, and waterlogged soils predominate, while saline meadow soils, along with solonetz meadow soils, account for 25%. The predominant area is occupied by excessively moist lands with a long-term regime (148,978.9 hectares). The suitability of the soils for growing agricultural crops subject to degradation processes has been established. To more effectively manage land resources in the Nizhneomsky Municipal District, three land productivity zones have been established. Proposals for further use have been developed for each zone, which will optimize agricultural production and ensure the rational use of land resources.
Rust, caused by the fungus Uromyces pisi, is the most harmful disease of peas in temperate regions. It is necessary to search for sources of resistance with different defense mechanisms in the pea gene pool. A set of 38 Pisum sativum accessions of various origin was studied in Western Siberia in 2021–2024. The aim of the research was to assess the accessions in the field and under controlled conditions using seedlings and adult plants, as well as to study the interaction of U. pisi with resistant varieties, and to determine genetic control of rust resistance. All accessions showed partial (incomplete) resistance to rust in the field. A set of 10 resistant varieties was used for studying U. pisi interaction with peas using cytological methods. The protective mechanisms of Russian varieties led to the inhibition of 50–90% spores on leaf surfaces before penetration into the stomata, and a part of the small colonies died without hypersensitive reaction in the tissues. Hydrogen peroxide and phenolic compounds with red and green autofluorescence appeared by the stage of sporogenesis. Five varieties showed adult resistance to rust. A hybridological analysis revealed monogenic dominant control of resistance in two varieties, and digenic control in two others. The information obtained expands the understanding of the partners’ interaction in the pathosystem ‘U. pisi–P. sativum’, and can also be used for breeding pea varieties with different resistance mechanisms.
