Omsk State Technical University

Organic compounds have the widest practical application, and the methodology of their synthesis is often developed specifically to solve applied problems in medicinal chemistry, catalysis, materials chemistry, agriculture, food industry, and the creation of electronic and sensor devices. This is due to the huge variety of properties and functional capabilities of organic substances, as well as the ability to fine-tune their structure to impart certain practically useful characteristics. Currently, the number of organic compounds used in various fields of industry, medicine, and agriculture is in the hundreds of thousands, and their number continues to grow steadily due to the rapid development of synthetic organic chemistry and predictive methods for determining properties, including using artificial intelligence. This collective review is devoted to the achievements of Russian chemists in the field of practically oriented organic chemistry over the past 5–10 years. The review presents the achievements of leading research teams representing both RAS institutes and Russian universities, from Kaliningrad to Siberia.

Considered operating processes and integral characteristics of piston long-stroke low-speed compressor stages when using various process gases as the working fluid. The study examined two design variants of a long-stroke, low-speed compressor stage: a basic version with a standard arrangement of self-acting valves in the working chamber, and a modernized version, which incorporates the advantages of known technologies for increasing the delivery efficiency, including selection of the main dimensions and parameters of the stage; changes in the dimensions and design of the valves, changes in the design of the cylinder–piston seal; and changes in the arrangement of the suction valve in the working chamber. The indicated efficiency, delivery coefficient, and discharge temperature are considered as integral indicators. Thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of the working gas, its state parameters at the suction, discharge pressure, main dimensions, and stage parameters were used as independent parameters. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of the working process of the stage under consideration was carried out in the range of medium and high pressures using gases with significantly different molecular weights as the working fluid. For the gases under consideration, a comparative assessment of the delivery coefficient, indicated efficiency, and discharge temperature was carried out in the considered range of discharge pressures for the basic and modernized stage designs. The presented results reflect the competitive capabilities of the stage in question in comparison with existing industrial analogues, including in terms of their weight and dimensions.

Electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis are used to estimate the distribution of carbon atoms in cementite particles and defective substructure elements at distances up to 10 mm from the running surface along the central axis and the symmetry axis of the gage corner of differentially quenched long 100-meter rails after a passed gross tonnage of 1411 and 1770 mln t. Three mechanisms of cementite plate transformation have been analyzed. Extremely long-term rail operation is shown to be accompanied by a significant redistribution of carbon atoms in the surface layers up to 10 mm thick. In the initial state, the main amount of carbon atoms concentrates in cementite particles; after extremely long-term rail operation, carbon is also located on structure defects (dislocations, grain and subgrain boundaries), in the surface layer, and in the α-iron-based lattice. An increase in the passed tonnage from 1411 to 1770 mln t is accompanied by more noticeable motion of carbon atoms to structure defects in the gage corner compared to the running surface. The results are discussed using the concepts of bifurcation interstitial structural states in crystal lattice rotation zones and the mechanism of plastic distortion, as well as an analogy between extremely long-term operation and megaplastic deformation.

Данная статья представляет результаты эмпирического исследования, посвящённого актуальной проблеме взаимосвязи религиозности и удовлетворённости базовых психологических потребностей личности. В статье анализируются различные подходы к пониманию религиозности (У. Джеймс, В. Вундт, З. Фрейд, К. Г. Юнг, Г. Олпорт, В. Франкл, Д. М. Угринович, О. В. Сучкова и др.), а также теории потребностей, включая теорию самодетерминации Э. Диси и Р. Райана, классификации потребностей (Г. Мюррей и А. Маслоу). Предложено авторское определение религиозной потребности как высшей духовной потребности человека в сохранении целостности своего многомерного мира через веру и обретение подлинных оснований бытия. Исследование проводилось с февраля по апрель 2026 г. на выборке студентов омских вузов в объёме 130 человек в возрасте 18–25 лет (81 девушка, 49 юношей). Использован комплекс методик: тест для определения структуры индивидуальной религиозности Ю. В. Щербатых, методика изучения социально-психологического свойства личности «Религиозность» О. В. Сучковой, шкала религиозной ориентации (ROS) Г. Олпорта и Д. Росса в адаптации С.Т. Посоховой, шкала удовлетворения базовых психологических потребностей (Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale, BPNSS) в адаптации И. Ю. Суворовой, А. А. Бабий, Н. В. Корзуна, методика диагностики степени удовлетворенности актуальных потребностей А. В. Капцова. Показано, что существует статистически значимая взаимосвязь между типом религиозности (внутренней/внешней) и удовлетворённостью базовых потребностей. Выявлены значимые различия в потребностях в статусе, смысле жизни, познании и потребностях высшего уровня. Группа с высокой целостной религиозностью демонстрирует приоритет смысложизненных и познавательных ориентаций, однако обнаруживает дефицит удовлетворённости базовых потребностей; группа с невыраженной религиозностью более сбалансирована, но ориентирована на статусные достижения; группа с формальной религиозностью находится в состоянии внутренней неустойчивости и поиска смысла. Полученные данные подтверждают возможность удовлетворения высших потребностей без полного насыщения низших, что согласуется с поздними работами А. Маслоу. This article presents the results of an empirical study devoted to the relevant issue of the relationship between religiosity and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of the individual. The paper analyzes various approaches to the understanding of religiosity proposed by W. James, W. Wundt, S. Freud, C. G. Jung, G. Allport, V. Frankl, D. M. Ugrinovich, O. V. Suchkova, and others, as well as theories of needs, including E. Deci and R. Ryan’s self-determination theory and classifications of needs developed by H. Murray and A. Maslow. The authors propose an original definition of religious need as the highest spiritual need of a person to preserve the integrity of their multidimensional world through faith and the acquisition of authentic foundations of being. The study was conducted from February to April 2026 on a sample of 130 students from Omsk universities aged 18–25 years, including 81 women and 49 men. A set of instruments was employed, including Yu. V. Shcherbatykh’s test for determining the structure of individual religiosity, O. V. Suchkova’s method for studying the socio-psychological personality trait “Religiosity,” the Religious Orientation Scale (ROS) by G. Allport and D. Ross as adapted by S. T. Posokhova, the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale (BPNSS) as adapted by I. Yu. Suvorova, A. A. Babiy, and N. V. Korzun, and A. V. Kaptsov’s method for diagnosing the degree of satisfaction of actual needs. The findings demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between the type of religiosity, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, and the satisfaction of basic needs. Significant differences were identified in needs for status, meaning in life, cognition, and higher-order needs. The group with high integral religiosity demonstrates a priority of meaning-of-life and cognitive orientations, yet reveals a deficit in the satisfaction of basic needs. The group with weakly expressed religiosity appears more balanced but is oriented toward status achievement. The group with formal religiosity is characterized by internal instability and a search for meaning. The obtained data confirm the possibility of satisfying higher needs without full satisfaction of lower-level ones, which is consistent with A. Maslow’s later works.

Проблематика точного измерения температуры термопарами привлекает внимание исследователей в различных аспектах. Основная проблема действующей системы контроля заключается в том, что стандартные процедуры не позволяют выявлять термоэлектрическую неоднородность в рабочей зоне термопары. Отличительная особенность работы заключается в разработке методики оперативного контроля метрологических характеристик термопар типа ТХА, основанной на принципе сравнительных измерений с использованием контрольной термопары 2-го разряда и калибратора-измерителя КИСС-03 непосредственно в условиях технологического процесса, с установлением дифференцированных критериев оценки пригодности термопар для различных типов печей (±5°С для соляных печей и печей термообработки алюминиевых сплавов, ±10°С для вакуумных и камерных электропечей). Разработанная методика обеспечивает в процессе контроля мониторинг метрологических характеристик термопар без остановки производства, что способствует своевременному обнаружению отклонений и проведению корректирующих мер для обеспечения стабильного качества. The issue of accurate temperature measurement using thermocouples attracts the attention of researchers in various aspects. The main problem of the current control system is that standard procedures do not allow the detection of thermoelectric inhomogeneity in the working zone of a thermocouple. The distinctive feature of this work lies in the development of a method for operational monitoring of the metrological characteristics of type TXA thermocouples, based on the principle of comparative measurements using a reference thermocouple of the 2nd grade and the KISS-03 calibrator-measurer directly under technological process conditions. The method establishes differentiated criteria for assessing the suitability of thermocouples for different types of furnaces (±5 °C for salt baths and furnaces used for heat treatment of aluminum alloys, and ±10 °C for vacuum and chamber electric furnaces). The developed method ensures monitoring of the metrological characteristics of thermocouples during the control process without stopping production, which enables the timely detection of deviations and the implementation of corrective measures to ensure stable quality