В статье представлены результаты исследования содержания радионуклидов в трех образцах сухих кормов для кошек от производителей «Royal Canin», «Purina ONE» и «Katty PRO», а также определение их соответствия действующим нормативам. Для проведения анализа использовались современные радиометрические методы. Полученные в эксперименте данные свидетельствуют, что уровни альфа- и гамма-излучения во всех исследованных образцах сухих кормов для кошек не превышают установленных нормативных значений согласно ГОСТ Р 55453-2022. Это позволяет сделать вывод о радиологической безопасности представленных кормов для употребления животными.
Relevance . In commercial poultry farming, the efficiency of broiler meat production is determined by the genetic potential of the crosses used. A comparative assessment of egg productivity in parent flocks of domestic and foreign crosses under specific production conditions is essential for optimizing technological decisions. Materials and Methods. The research and production trial was conducted in 2024–2025 at a poultry farm in Penza Oblast, Russian Federation. Parent flocks of Ross 308 (8,870 hens, 756 cockerels) and Smena 9 (9,060 hens, 1,020 cockerels) crosses were studied. The following parameters were evaluated: survival rate, live weight, egg production, hatching egg yield, fertility, hatchability, and economic efficiency. Housing and feeding conditions complied with zootechnical standards. Results . The survival rate of Ross 308 hens exceeded that of Smena 9 by 6.0%, while the survival rate of Smena 9 cockerels was 14.2% higher. Average egg production of Ross 308 was 17.9% higher. Fertility and hatchability were superior in Smena 9 by 4.8% and 6.5%, respectively. Per initial hen, the Ross 308 parent flock produced 57.0 more hatching eggs and 34.3 more day-old chicks. The profitability of hatching egg and chick production in Ross 308 was 44.6% and 111.6%, respectively, exceeding that of Smena 9 by 32.3% and 37.5%. The use of the Ross 308 parent flock is recommended.
Представлены результаты морфологических исследований тонкого отдела кишечника свиней на фоне применения в их рационе сушеной личинки чёрная львинка. Для проведения эксперимента были сформированы две группы животных в возрасте два месяца. Животным контрольной группы был использован хозяйственный рацион, поросятам опытной группы тот же самый рацион обогащали сушеной массой личинок мухи чёрная львинка. Длительность эксперимента составила 120 дней. По результатам исследования установлено, что применение вышеуказанной кормовой добавки не оказало отрицательного воздействия на гистологические показатели стенки тощего кишечника свиней. В эпителии тощей кишки подсвинков опытной группы границы эпителиоцитов более четкие и хорошо просматривались, в отличие от контрольной группы. В криптах изучаемого органа опытных животных отмечается более выраженная дифференциация каемчатых и бокаловидных клеток, имеющих вытянутую овальную форму. В их цитоплазме визуализировались базально расположенные ядра, преимущественно округлой формы. Обнаружено, что включение сушеной личинки чёрная львинка в рацион свиней опытной группы привело к увеличению толщины слизистой оболочки на 11,0% и повышению высоты ворсинок на 16,4% в сравнении с контрольной группой. Глубина крипт слизистой оболочки кишечника у подсвинков опытной группы ниже на 4,8% по отношению к контрольной. Толщина мышечной оболочки кишечника была выше в опытной группе на 14,3 %, по сравнению с контролем. Площадь сечения крупных и средних артерий подслизистого слоя тонкого кишечника опытной группы превосходила над таковыми в контрольной группе. Площадь цитоплазмы и ядра энтероцитов тощего отдела кишечника свиней опытной группы превышают таковые показатели в контроле на 23,4 и 11,4 %, что привело к снижению индекса соотношения ядра и цитоплазмы, свидетельствующего о повышении функционального состояния клеток эпителия кишечника. The article deals with the results of morphological studies of the small intestine of pigs at a time of using dried larvae of the black soldier fly in their diet. To conduct the experiment, two groups of animals were formed at the age of two months. The animals of the control group were fed in accordance with a basic diet, while the pigs of the experimental group were fed the same diet enriched with dried larvae of the black soldier fly. The experiment lasted for 120 days. The results of the study showed that the use of the above-mentioned feed additive had no negative effect on the histological parameters of the small intestine wall of pigs. In the jejunum epithelium of the experimental group of yelts, the borders of the epithelia cells were more distinct and clearly visible, in contrast to the control group. In the crypts of the studied organ of the experimental animals, there is a more distinct differentiation of the edged and goblet cells possessing an elongated oval shape. In their cytoplasm, basal-located nuclei were visualized, mostly of a rounded shape. It was found that the inclusion of dried larvae of black soldier fly in the diet of the experimental group of pigs led to an increase in the thickness of the mucous membrane by 11.0% and an increase in the height of the intestinal villi by 16.4% compared to the control group. The depth of the intestinal mucosal crypts in the experimental group was 4.8% lower compared to the control group. The thickness of the myenteron was 14.3% higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. Sectional area of large and middle arteries of sub-mucous membrane of small intestine of pigs of the experimental group suppressed the same criterion in the control one. The area of the cytoplasm and nucleus of the enterocytes in the jejunum of the experimental group pigs exceeded those in the control group by 23.4 and 11.4%, respectively, which led to a decrease in the index of the ratio of the nucleus and cytoplasm, indicating an increase in the functional state of the intestinal epithelial cells.
Relevance . Dairy cattle farming is a strategically important sector of the economy, providing the population with a valuable food product. In the context of growing requirements for productivity and product quality, the search for effective and safe feed additives for dairy cows is an urgent scientific and practical task aimed at intensifying the industry. Methodology . To conduct a scientific and economic experiment, four similar groups of dairy cows of the Holsteinized Black-and-White breed were formed. Animals of the control (I) group received a standard basic ration (BR). The following were added daily to the rations of the experimental groups: group II — “Diatomite” at a rate of 100 g per head, group III — “Monosporin” (70 g/head), group IV — “Zaslon 2+” (20 g/head). The study was conducted over a full lactation period. Results . The use of feed additives significantly increased productivity and milk quality. The total milk yield per lactation in groups II-IV exceeded the control by 0.9%, 8.7%, and 11.5%, respectively. The composition of milk improved substantially: fat content increased by 2.1–4.9%, protein by 2.5–11.7%, casein by 2.0–7.8%, and solids-not-fat (SNF) by 0.9–2.8%. Milk density increased by 4.9–9.9%. The greatest positive effect on most indicators, including calcium content, was observed with the use of the “Zaslon 2+” additive. Economic efficiency confirmed the feasibility of using the additives. Additional profit from milk sales ranged from 9,309 thousand rubles in group II to 14,936 thousand rubles in group IV. The profitability level of milk production in group IV reached 24.1%, which is 15.4 percentage points higher than in the control group, demonstrating a high return on investment.
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of co-feeding a probiotic supplement based on Enterococcus microorganisms and ground synthetic NaX zeolite on the chemical composition and nutritional value of broiler chicken muscle tissue. The experiment was conducted in 2024 on Smena-9 broiler chickens. Birds in the experimental group received a daily suspension of E. faecium RCAM05160 culture with a cell concentration of 1 × 109 cells per mL, at a rate of 0.1 mL per 1 kg of live weight, and synthetic NaX zeolite at a concentration of 5
