Relevance . In commercial poultry farming, the efficiency of broiler meat production is determined by the genetic potential of the crosses used. A comparative assessment of egg productivity in parent flocks of domestic and foreign crosses under specific production conditions is essential for optimizing technological decisions. Materials and Methods. The research and production trial was conducted in 2024–2025 at a poultry farm in Penza Oblast, Russian Federation. Parent flocks of Ross 308 (8,870 hens, 756 cockerels) and Smena 9 (9,060 hens, 1,020 cockerels) crosses were studied. The following parameters were evaluated: survival rate, live weight, egg production, hatching egg yield, fertility, hatchability, and economic efficiency. Housing and feeding conditions complied with zootechnical standards. Results . The survival rate of Ross 308 hens exceeded that of Smena 9 by 6.0%, while the survival rate of Smena 9 cockerels was 14.2% higher. Average egg production of Ross 308 was 17.9% higher. Fertility and hatchability were superior in Smena 9 by 4.8% and 6.5%, respectively. Per initial hen, the Ross 308 parent flock produced 57.0 more hatching eggs and 34.3 more day-old chicks. The profitability of hatching egg and chick production in Ross 308 was 44.6% and 111.6%, respectively, exceeding that of Smena 9 by 32.3% and 37.5%. The use of the Ross 308 parent flock is recommended.
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of co-feeding a probiotic supplement based on Enterococcus microorganisms and ground synthetic NaX zeolite on the chemical composition and nutritional value of broiler chicken muscle tissue. The experiment was conducted in 2024 on Smena-9 broiler chickens. Birds in the experimental group received a daily suspension of E. faecium RCAM05160 culture with a cell concentration of 1 × 109 cells per mL, at a rate of 0.1 mL per 1 kg of live weight, and synthetic NaX zeolite at a concentration of 5
Relevance . Dairy cattle farming is a strategically important sector of the economy, providing the population with a valuable food product. In the context of growing requirements for productivity and product quality, the search for effective and safe feed additives for dairy cows is an urgent scientific and practical task aimed at intensifying the industry. Methodology . To conduct a scientific and economic experiment, four similar groups of dairy cows of the Holsteinized Black-and-White breed were formed. Animals of the control (I) group received a standard basic ration (BR). The following were added daily to the rations of the experimental groups: group II — “Diatomite” at a rate of 100 g per head, group III — “Monosporin” (70 g/head), group IV — “Zaslon 2+” (20 g/head). The study was conducted over a full lactation period. Results . The use of feed additives significantly increased productivity and milk quality. The total milk yield per lactation in groups II-IV exceeded the control by 0.9%, 8.7%, and 11.5%, respectively. The composition of milk improved substantially: fat content increased by 2.1–4.9%, protein by 2.5–11.7%, casein by 2.0–7.8%, and solids-not-fat (SNF) by 0.9–2.8%. Milk density increased by 4.9–9.9%. The greatest positive effect on most indicators, including calcium content, was observed with the use of the “Zaslon 2+” additive. Economic efficiency confirmed the feasibility of using the additives. Additional profit from milk sales ranged from 9,309 thousand rubles in group II to 14,936 thousand rubles in group IV. The profitability level of milk production in group IV reached 24.1%, which is 15.4 percentage points higher than in the control group, demonstrating a high return on investment.
При скрещивании коров калмыцкой породы с быками абердин-ангусской и герефордской пород у гибридов первого поколения проявляется эффект гетерозиса по таким признакам, как предубойная и убойная масса, масса парной туши и внутреннего жира-сырца, убойный выход и морфометрические показатели туши. Следовательно, откармливать бычков этих породных сочетаний экономически выгодно.
Качество мясной продукции формируется при сложном взаимодействии различных факторов. Существенное влияние на этот признак оказывают генетические особенности животных. Цель исследования – оценка влияния генотипа молодняка овец на сортовой состав туши. Изучено влияние генотипа баранчиков цигайской породы (I группа), помесных баранчиков – 1/2 цигайская × 1/2 эдильбаевская (II группа), валушков цигайской породы (III группа), помесных валушков – 1/2 цигайская × 1/2 эдильбаевская (IVгруппа) на сортовой состав туши. Установлено, что при убое в 8 месяцев масса туши у молодняка I группы составляла 19,12 кг, II группы – 23,31 кг, III группы – 17,31 кг, IVгруппы – 21,28 кг. При этом помесный молодняк IIгруппы превосходил чистопородных сверстников Iгруппы по абсолютной массе отрубов туши Iсорта на 3,85 кг (23,07%), относительной – на 0,79%. В свою очередь, помесные валушки IV группы превосходили чистопородных цигайских сверстников III группы по величине анализируемых показателей на 3,55 кг (23,57%) и 0,42% соответственно. При этом чистопородные баранчики I группы превосходили валушков этого же генотипа III группы по абсолютной массе отрубов туши I сорта на 1,63 кг (10,82%) и относительной массе – на 0,29%. По помесям преимущество баранчиков IIгруппы над валушками IV группы было менее существенным и составляло 1,93 кг (10,37%) и 0,66%. Что касается выхода отрубов туши II сорта, то межгрупповые различия были несущественные и статистически недостоверны. Установлено, что помесные баранчики и валушки, вследствие проявления эффекта скрещивания, имели преимущество над чистопородными сверстниками. При этом кастрация баранчиков оказывала негативное влияние на сортовой состав туши вследствие уменьшения выхода отрубов I сорта. The quality of meat products is formed by a complex interaction of various factors. The genetic characteristics of animals have a significant impact on this trait. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of the genotype of young sheep on the variety assortment of the carcass. The influence of the genotype of ram hogs of the Tsigai breed (group I), crossbred ram hogs – 1/2 Tsigai × 1/2 Edilbaev (group II), wethers of the Tsigai breed (group III), crossbred wethers – 1/2 Tsigai × 1/2 Edilbaev (group IV) on the variety assortment of the carcass was studied. It was established that during slaughter at 8 months, the carcass weight in young animals of group I was 19.12 kg, group II – 23.31 kg, group III – 17.31 kg, group IV – 21.28 kg. At the same time crossbreed young animals of group II exceeded purebred herdmates of group I in the absolute weight of carcass cut of Grade I by 3.85 kg (23.07%), and in relative weight – by 0.79%. In turn, crossbreed wethers of group IV exceeded purebred Tsigai herdmates of group III in terms of the analyzed indicators by 3.55 kg (23.57%) and 0.42%, respectively. At the same time purebred wethers of group I exceeded wethers of the same genotype of group III in the absolute weight of carcass cuts of Grade I by 1.63 kg (10.82%) and relative weight – by 0.29%. In terms of crossbreeds, the advantage of group II ram hogs over group IV wethers was less significant and amounted to 1.93 kg (10.37%) and 0.66%. As for the yield of carcass cuts of Grade II, the between-group differences were insignificant and statistically unreliable. It was established that crossbreed ram hogs and wethers due to the manifestation of the crossing effect, had an advantage over purebred herdmates. At the same time, the castration of ram hogs had a negative effect on the variety assortment of the carcass due to a decrease in the yield of cuts of Grade I.
