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High university dropout rates have negative outcomes for both students and society. Supportive student cooperation may play an important role in preventing intentions to quit by promoting engagement and reducing loneliness among students. There is a need for more knowledge about the association of student cooperation, academic engagement, loneliness, and intentions to quit. This study, therefore, examined the association between student cooperation and intentions to quit via emotional and behavioral engagement and loneliness. These associations were tested by using latent structural equation modelling with data from a survey conducted among 356 first-year students. The results indicated two separate paths from student cooperation to intentions to quit, one via emotional engagement and the other via loneliness. The findings thus suggest that facilitating cooperation may prevent students' intentions to quit by enhancing emotional engagement and reducing feelings of loneliness.

This paper examines the international welfare effects of two types of hydrogen-support policies: subsidies for green electrolysis-hydrogen production and subsidies for hydrogen consumption. Using a short-term partial equilibrium model of the integrated electricity and hydrogen markets in seven Western European countries, we find that, in this short-term framework under given generation capacities and an existing carbon-pricing regime, hydrogen-consumption subsidies reduce domestic emissions but may increase emissions abroad, while green-electrolysis subsidies raise emissions both domestically and internationally due to higher electricity demand. Both policies benefit hydrogen users, but increase electricity prices, harming electricity users. Overall, both policies and, in particular, production support for electrolyzers, negatively affect welfare in the short term, though some countries may gain from trade. In scenarios with higher gas and carbon prices, hydrogen subsidies, especially for power-to-gas producers, can improve overall welfare in the short term.Key policy insightsThe short-term effectiveness and efficiency of national hydrogen policies depend on the degree of integration and interaction between international electricity and hydrogen markets.In the short term and under constrained renewable capacity, subsidizing hydrogen consumers effectively reduces domestic emissions while the economic benefits remain mainly domestic, but it may raise emissions elsewhere.Even in a situation of strongly internationally integrated markets, domestic general consumption support results in a lower loss of welfare than technology-constrained production support in the short term.

This study examines the impact of adopting climate smart agriculture practices (CSAPs) on Tanzania's farm production, productivity, and food security. A cross-sectional design was used with 407 smallholder maize households in the Ruvuma Region. Logit models examined the determinants of CSAP adoption and ordinary least squares was used to assess the effects of CSAP adoption on maize production and productivity. The Tobit model established a link between CSAP adoption and household food security. This study found that financial resources and knowledge of climate change are important for CSAP adoption. The adoption of certain practices, such as drought-tolerant seeds, fertilisers, mulching, and crop rotation, showed a significant positive association with maize yield, while agroforestry, compost, and cover crops had negative associations. However, no significant effect of CSA practices on food security was found. Policy implications from the study are provided.

A bstract We construct dimer graphs for relativistic Toda chains associated with classical untwisted Lie algebras of A, B, C 0 , C π , D types and twisted A, D types. We show that the Seiberg-Witten curve of 5d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 pure supersymmetric gauge theory of gauge group G is a spectral curve of the relativistic Toda chain of the dual group G ∨ .

The main objective of this study was to improve understanding of the distribution and breeding areas of the Sooty Falcon (Falco concolor) in Egypt, in support of the implementation of the International Action Plan for the species. Between August 2023 and November 2024, we conducted a census of Sooty Falcon breeding colonies in the Egyptian Red Sea Islands, the White Desert, South Sinai, and the Nile Valley. Breeding pairs were counted, and nests were recorded where possible. We documented 182 breeding pairs in the Eastern Desert and Red Sea Islands, 123 pairs in the Western Desert, 20 pairs in South Sinai, and five pairs in the Nile Valley. In 2024, a previously unknown breeding colony was discovered in the Dakhla Oasis, comprising approximately 15 breeding pairs. A very small proportion of the population appears to reside in Egypt year-round, although their exact numbers remain poorly known. At Red Sea colonies, we recorded field evidence of breeding activity, including pellets and plucked feathers. In addition, a transitional-phase individual was observed during the first week of April near the Hamata mangrove. Securing long-term funding is essential to ensure the continuation of annual surveys, the exploration of additional potential breeding areas, and the effective monitoring of Sooty Falcon populations in Egypt. Such efforts will contribute to more accurate population estimates and improved assessment of distributional trends and conservation status.