Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy (Russian: Пермская государственная фармацевтическая академия) (full name: State budgetary educational institution of higher professional education "Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy") is a higher educational institution in Perm that trains specialists with a pharmaceutical education.As of 2016, the academy includes 5 faculties and 20 departments.
The article focuses on establishing risks of side reactions caused by using aqueous extract of Picea abies mega-strobiles for three months and provides histological results for internal organs obtained in an experiment. The aim of this study was to establish safety of aqueous extract of Picea abies mega-strobiles by estimating its effect on various organs and tissues of experimental animals in a sub-chronic toxicity test. Picea abies mega-strobiles were harvested on the territory of the Perm region in the Russian Federation in a fir tree forest with green moss and grass cover. Dry aqueous extract was obtained according to the original patented method. An experiment was conducted using white outbred Wistar rats of both sexes. The analyzed extract was administered daily for three months. Distilled water was administered in the control animal group as equivalent stress exposure. The element structure of bone samples was established using x-ray fluorescence with an energy-dispersion x-ray fluorescent spectrometer. Heart, kidneys, stomach and small intestine were extracted from the experimental animals for microscopic examination. Chronic oral administration of aqueous extract of Picea abies mega-strobiles into healthy inflammation-free rats did not cause any changes in their behavior, mucosa or fur as confirmed by comparative analysis of the indicators between the test and control animal groups, the latter not exposed to the extract. Histology of the gastrointestinal organs (stomach and small intestine) did not find any differences between the test and control groups; no differences were found between male and female rats in the test group either. The experiment did not establish any toxic effects produced on the heart or kidneys by aqueous extract of Picea abies mega-strobiles. The results obtained by analyzing rats’ stomach and small intestine as well as heart and kidneys indicate absence of any significant differences between the test and control group. The analysis of the bone element structure revealed a trend for growing levels of calcium and phosphor in rat bones in the test group (exposed to aqueous extract of Picea abies mega-strobiles). These findings make it possible to conclude that use of aqueous extract of Picea abies mega-strobiles at the dose of 12 mg/kg for 12 weeks did not cause any significant impairment either in mucosa, fur, or internal organs of experimental animals.
Introduction. One of the most pressing areas of modern pharmacy is the creation of highly effective and safe drugs. The search for antitumor agents, driven by the increasing incidence of cancer, is focused on obtaining targeted drugs. 2-aminopyrrole derivatives synthesised at the Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy have demonstrated high cytostatic activity due to the activation of the mechanism of tumour cell apoptosis in the M phase. Preclinical studies should include toxicometry and determination of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the most active compound, 2-ANPC.Aim. To study acute toxicity in experiments on mice and rats and the pharmacokinetic parameters of 2-ANPC after a single administration to Wistar line rats.Materials and methods. The assessment of acute toxicity upon oral administration, with LD50 calculation using Finney's probit analysis method, was conducted in experiments on white non-linear mice and Wistar line rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of 2-ANPC were studied in male Wistar line rats after administration of the compound per os. A validated method based on high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS/MS) was used for the quantitative determination of 2-ANPC in the blood plasma of animals.Results and discussion. The LD50 of the compound after a single oral administration was determined to be 4434 mg/kg for mice and 1547 mg/kg for rats. The time to reach the maximum concentration of 2-ANPC in rats after a single administration of 150 mg/kg is 2,90 ± 0,32 h, and the half-life of the compound from the body is 4,50 ± 0,49 h. The calculated apparent volume of distribution, which significantly exceeds the anatomical volume, indicates the predominant localisation of the substance in the extravascular space.Conclusion. The study of acute toxicity in mice established that 2-ANPK belongs to toxicity class 4 (low-toxicity substances) according to the Hodge and Sterner classification and to hazard class 5 of chemical products based on their impact on the body. In an experiment on rats, the pharmacokinetic parameters of 2-ANPC after oral administration were evaluated. The data obtained show the potential for developing an oral dosage form based on this new 2-aminopyrrole derivative with proven antitumor activity.
В статье рассматривается специфика ономастического пространства в романе Дж. Джойса «Поминки по Финнегану». Актуальность темы обусловлена необходимостью поиска переводческих стратегий для передачи сложной ономастической игры и интертекстуальных культурных кодов в модернистском произведении писателя. В ходе исследования применяются метод сплошной выборки, описательный, сопоставительный, контекстуальный и интертекстуальный анализы. Раскрывается специфика игровой техники писателя на базе антропонимов. Выделен ряд приемов кодирования имени собственного Анна Ливия Плюрабелль, усложняющих процесс восприятия и перевода в связи с вариативностью возможных трактовок (частичная / полная аббревиация, аллитерационная эмфаза инициалов имени, использование иноязычных включений и др.). Проанализированы частичные и полные переводы «Поминок по Финнегану» на русский (А. Сергеев, А. Волохонский, С. Диваков, О. Брагина, А. Рене), немецкий (У. Блюменбах и Р. Маркнер, К. Райхерт, Г. Бек, Д. Штюндель, И. Горн, Р. Венингер, Г. Волльшлегер, К. Яуслин, Ф. Ратьен) и испанский (М. Забалой) языки. Изучен арсенал переводческих решений, выделен ряд закономерностей. Отмечено, что во всех случаях переводчики вынуждены применять стратегию «деформации» языка перевода для отображения «языковых аномалий» Дж. Джойса. Сделаны выводы, что родство немецкого и английского языков позволяет в большей степени (в сравнении с русским) сохранить в переводе словообразовательные и звуковые особенности закодированного антропонима. This paper aims to explore certain features of Joyce’s onomastic space in Finnegans Wake. The relevance stems from the need to identify translation strategies for rendering the complex onomastic wordplay and intertextual cultural codes in James Joyce’s modernist novel. The study employs the continuous sampling method, descriptive, comparative, contextual, and intertextual analyses. A set of the author’s experimental techniques based on language games involving proper names is analyzed. The encoding of anthroponym Anna Livia Plurabelleis described in detail, underlining its ability to complicate perception and translation due to the diversity of possible interpretations. Fragmentary and complete versions of Finnegans Wake in Russian (by A. Sergeev, A. Volokhonsky, S. Divakov, O. Bragina, A. Rene),German (U. Blumenbach and R. Markner, K. Reichert, H. Beck, D. Stündel, I. Horn, K. Jauslin, H. Wollschläger, R. Weninger, F. Rathjen), and Spanish (M. Zabaloy) are compared. The translation strategies are explored and regularities in translation methods are figured out. To render J. Joyce’s onomastic language games translators are compelled to “deform” the target language. It is concluded that the structural similarities and differences of the source and the target languages influence the extent to which translators can transferword-formation and phonetic features of the encoded anthroponym, making, for example, German a more appropriate “tool” than Russian for translating the novel.
Introduction. Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. is a dangerous invasive species containing phototoxic furanocoumarins (FCs). Despite their known cytotoxicity, the antimicrobial potential of FCs has been insufficiently studied, and the contribution of FCs to the overall effect of plant extracts, taking into account technological parameters, has not been established. Aim. A comprehensive assessment of the contribution of furanocoumarins to the antimicrobial activity of extraction products from Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. herb, depending on the nature of the extractant, temperature, and degree of purification. Materials and methods. Ten extraction products were obtained from raw materials collected in Perm Krai, grouped according to the principle "from native raw materials to individual compounds": juice, hexane extracts (with and without heating), petroleum ether extract, alcohol extracts from defatted raw materials, a total FC fraction, and three enriched fractions (xanthotoxin + psoralen, angelicin + bergapten, angelicin + psoralen + bergapten). The composition was analyzed by TLC and HPLC. Antimicrobial activity was determined against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , and Candida albicans using the microdilution method. Results and discussion. HPLC analysis revealed significant differences in the FC profiles. The juice contained a minimum of FCs (~6 %) and was inactive (MIC > 5000 μg/mL). Alcohol extracts from defatted raw materials (FC content 34–60 %) showed low activity (MIC 2500–5000 μg/mL). Lipophilic extracts (hexane, petroleum ether) were characterized by high FC content (80–98 %) and moderate activity (MIC 625–2500 μg/mL); heating during hexane extraction increased the proportion of angelicin and activity against Escherichia coli . The total FC fraction (96 % FC, predominance of angelicin) exhibited high activity (MIC 625–1250 μg/mL). The enriched fractions demonstrated the highest efficacy (MIC 62.5–250 μg/mL), with the three-component mixture (angelicin + psoralen + bergapten) outperforming binary mixtures, indicating synergism. Conclusion. Furanocoumarins are the main carriers of antimicrobial activity in Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. extracts. Polar components (pigments) make a minor contribution. Extraction efficiency depends on the method: heating with hexane and the use of petroleum ether (a cost-effective alternative) ensure maximum recovery of active FCs. The purified total FC fraction and enriched fractions, especially the three-component one, represent promising candidates for further development of antimicrobial drugs.
Molecular docking of 16 substituted benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2(1H)-ones with superoxide dismutase (SOD) is described. The dependence of the inhibition of fluorescence activity (IFA) of the Ecolume strain on the structure was studied by selecting molecular docking descriptors of scoring functions (binding energy and inhibition constant) for 10 conformations using multiple linear regression analysis, which made it possible to search for compounds with antioxidant activity based on the results of molecular docking with SOD. As a result, the most statistically significant six-parameter equation was selected as IFAcalc 1,
