Privolzhsky Research Medical University (Research Medical University of Volga region, Russian: Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет, old-name: Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, NNSMA) is one of the medical schools in the Russian Federation which is located in the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
This paper examines how traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects the coherence of brain rhythms across different electrode pairs during the sleep–wake cycle. Stronger distinctions are observed for intrahemispheric compared to interhemispheric interactions. The direction of change in average coherence following TBI is found to depend on the location of the electrode pair, specifically whether the electrodes were positioned over anterior or posterior regions of the head. These findings suggest that a coherence-based approach is useful for monitoring recovery after brain injury.
Analysis of dominant rhythms of the brain’s electrical activity and individual paired brainwave interactions provides limited information about physiological states and functions, in contrast to a more general approach that considers the coordination of all significant cortical rhythms within a complex network. This approach, without refuting traditional neurophysiological concepts, provides more comprehensive details about the coordinated dynamics of rhythmic processes, thereby improving diagnostic capabilities. Using the concept of cross-communication of physiologically significant cortical rhythms, in this study, we examine the characteristics of brainwave coordination in adolescents with traumatic brain injury (TBI) at different stages of the sleep-wake cycle. Using a simplified analysis method focusing on the behavior of average values of the relative spectral power, we note significant differences between the coordinated behavior of brain waves in adolescents with TBI and healthy individuals of the same age. These differences are observed in wakefulness and become insignificant during deep sleep, which may contribute to the therapeutic effect of sleep in traumatic brain injuries.
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of cerebral edema, quantified by net water uptake (NWU), in relation to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) outcomes using the extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) scale and treatment results in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). 93 patients (44 men, 49 women; median age 68.7 years) underwent EVT within 6 h of AIS onset, with NWU calculated from non-contrast CT based on perfusion CT data using the formula: NWU = (1 − Dischemia/Dnormal) × 100
Background: The objective identification of potential neurophysiological markers of schizotypal personality traits represents a major step toward improving early diagnostic strategies in psychiatry. In this study, we investigated the influence of schizotypal personality traits on the neural mechanisms underlying literal and figurative language comprehension, aiming to contribute to the development of neurophysiological markers of schizophrenia spectrum pathology. Methods: A total of 121 university students were assessed using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and categorized into three groups: low-SPQ (scores <21; n = 60), intermediate-SPQ (scores 21–40; n = 44), and high-SPQ (scores ≥41; n = 16). Participants evaluated 60 literal, 60 idiomatic, and 60 semantically incongruent phrases for meaningfulness, while event-related potentials (ERPs)—specifically N400 and post-N400 Positivity (PNP)—were recorded. Results: The low-SPQ group showed clear N400 differentiation between idiomatic expressions and both incongruent and literal conditions, whereas intermediate-SPQ and high-SPQ groups demonstrated reduced N400 distinctions in the frontal area. At central and parietal sites, participants with increased SPQ scores retained partial differentiation between idiomatic and incongruent phrases, but they failed to differentiate between idiomatic and literal ones. Moreover, participants with intermediate SPQ scores exhibited larger frontal PNP differences between incongruent and idiomatic conditions relative to the low-SPQ group. Conclusions: These findings indicate that schizotypal traits are associated with poorly regulated semantic processing at the N400 stage, which is accompanied by compensatory activity at later stages of stimulus processing. These findings highlight ERP markers that may support early detection of vulnerability to schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces microvascular dysfunction, tissue hypoxia, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, driving secondary injury. High-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation is an emerging noninvasive “electroceutical” therapy that we have previously shown increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) and tissue oxygenation in the healthy rat brain. Here, we investigated whether acute PEMF could mitigate microvascular pathology in a rat TBI model. Male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent moderate fluid percussion injury (FPI) over the parietal cortex. Using in vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM), we quantified peri-contusional arteriolar diameter, capillary red blood cell (RBC) velocity, microvascular shunt (MVS) flow, tissue oxygenation (NADH autofluorescence), and BBB permeability before and after a single 30-min PEMF (27.12 MHz, 3-ms bursts at 5 Hz, 6 V/m) or sham treatment. PEMF applied 1 h post-TBI significantly reversed pathological MVS flow (MVS/capillary ratio: 0.69 ± 0.06 vs. sham 0.90 ± 0.08, p < 0.01), increased capillary RBC velocity (86.3 ± 10.1
