This article investigates algorithmic approaches for analyzing and predicting the operating modes of small photovoltaic power plants. A multi-criteria genetic algorithm is analyzed and developed, applicable to short data series and variable operating modes typical of energy systems. Peak demand, which occurs during a limited number of hours, represents a significant challenge for the overall energy balance and grid stability. The task under consideration is formulated as a problem in which the forecast error and the model uncertainty measure are simultaneously minimized. For this purpose, an interval forecasting scheme based on fuzzy regression is used, with its parameters optimized by an evolutionary mechanism. The proposed multi-criteria genetic algorithm is an effective tool for the parametric adaptation of forecasting models. It lays the groundwork for implementation in monitoring and control systems for autonomous photovoltaic installations, thereby enhancing energy efficiency and optimizing performance through real-time data analysis and adaptive decision-making. The obtained results show improved robustness and reliability of the forecast compared to classical approaches for short time series.
The gut–skin axis represents a bidirectional regulatory network linking intestinal microbiota composition and function to cutaneous inflammation and barrier integrity through interconnected immune, metabolic, barrier-related, and neuroendocrine pathways. Key mechanisms include microbiota-driven immune modulation, production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), regulation of epithelial permeability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation, and modulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling. Increasing evidence supports the role of these pathways in the pathogenesis and clinical course of inflammatory dermatological diseases, including atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, rosacea, and psoriasis. This narrative review critically evaluates current experimental and clinical evidence on probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as therapeutic modulators of the gut–skin axis in dermatology. A targeted literature search covering the period 2000–2025 was conducted using PubMed/PMC, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, prioritizing systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials reporting clinically relevant outcomes. Available data indicate that selected Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains are associated with improvements in skin barrier function, modulation of inflammatory responses, and clinically meaningful benefits, most consistently in atopic dermatitis. The strongest evidence supports preventive and adjunctive use in pediatric atopic dermatitis. In acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and rosacea, reported efficacy appears moderate and heterogeneous, reflecting substantial variability in strains, formulations, dosing regimens, and study design. Prebiotics and synbiotics demonstrate favorable effects on microbial balance and inflammatory activity, while postbiotics and microbiota-modulating topical agents represent emerging therapeutic approaches with promising safety and tolerability profiles. Overall, microbiota-targeted interventions act on distinct nodes within the gut–skin axis and may serve as rational adjunctive strategies in selected dermatological conditions. However, clinical efficacy is strain- and formulation-specific, and further well-designed, adequately powered, and mechanism-driven clinical trials are required to define their precise role in routine dermatological practice.
Background and Objectives: To summarize current evidence regarding the pathophysiology, clinical management, and maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with pregnancy in women with myasthenia gravis (MG). Materials and Methods: This structured narrative review was based on literature searches conducted in major biomedical databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible publications included observational studies, cohort studies, case series, and clinically relevant case reports addressing MG management during pregnancy and postpartum. Due to heterogeneity in study design, patient populations, interventions, and reported outcomes, findings were synthesized narratively rather than quantitatively. Results: The available evidence suggests that pregnancy outcomes in women with MG are generally favorable when multidisciplinary monitoring and individualized treatment strategies are applied. Disease exacerbations may occur during pregnancy or the postpartum period, particularly in women with generalized MG or respiratory involvement. Observational evidence indicates that prior thymectomy may be associated with reduced rates of MG exacerbation and transient neonatal myasthenia gravis (TNMG), although available data remain limited. Careful selection of pharmacological therapy, prenatal monitoring, anesthetic management, and postpartum surveillance is essential to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes. Conclusions: Myasthenia gravis is generally compatible with successful pregnancy outcomes; however, affected women may require closer monitoring because of the potential risk of disease exacerbation, myasthenic crisis, and neonatal complications. Management should be individualized and supported by multidisciplinary collaboration involving neurologists, obstetricians, anesthesiologists, and neonatologists.
This study investigates the synthesis, structural characteristics, thermal properties, and biological activity of the double selenate salt Na2Cd(SeO4)2·2H2O. The synthesis of this compound was driven by the need for novel materials with potential applications in medicinal chemistry and materials science. The structural integrity and physicochemical properties of Na2Cd(SeO4)2·2H2O were confirmed through a series of characterization techniques, including FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. The thermal behavior of the compound, exhibiting a multi-stage decomposition pattern, provides important insights into its stability and transformation mechanisms, essential for its potential use in various applications. Biological testing, conducted on the HepG2 liver cancer cell line, revealed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, with morphological changes and cytoskeletal disruption at higher concentrations, highlighting the compound’s anticancer potential. The compound also demonstrated a high zeta potential, indicating good colloidal stability and suggesting favorable bioavailability. These findings underscore the relevance of Na2Cd(SeO4)2·2H2O for biomedical applications, particularly in anticancer therapies, where its unique combination of properties may offer therapeutic advantages. Quantum chemical calculations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) to gain insights into the electronic structure, molecular geometry, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of Na2Cd(SeO4)2·2H2O. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) mapping revealed nucleophilic and electrophilic activity regions, pointing to possible reactive sites. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis indicated a moderate HOMO–LUMO energy gap, suggesting a balance between stability and reactivity. Thermal decomposition stages were characterized using TGA and DSC, with identifiable mass loss steps corresponding to water release and selenium dioxide formation. In vitro biological evaluation was conducted on HepG2 cells using MTT assays, immunofluorescence staining, and morphological analysis. The IC₅₀ value was established at approximately 0.05 µg/ml. Zeta potential and DLS analyses were employed to assess colloidal behavior and particle distribution. Together, these methodologies support the promising physicochemical and biological profile of Na2Cd(SeO4)2·2H2O, justifying its further investigation for nanomedicine and drug delivery applications.
The discovery of N-nitrosamines (NNAs) as impurities in several pharmaceuticals has renewed activities in assessing their mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. In the current investigation, the binary mutagenic potential of NNAs is re-investigated using the mechanism-based structure-activity approach of the TIMES models. Emphasis is placed on meeting the OECD (Q)SAR principles for model validation and the organization's (Q)SAR prediction principles. A curated data set of 41 small and complex NNA-containing substances tested in a standard battery of Salmonella typhimurium strains with and without rat microsomal activation was assessed for these tasks. Structural boundaries are initially derived from activating mechanisms for interactions of parent NNAs with DNA described in the literature. These activating mechanisms include direct-acting mutagenicity (denitrosation of parent molecules) or DNA interactions after S9 metabolic activation (alpha-hydroxylation). After analysis of the 41 NNAs, structural features that mitigate or 'mask' the covalent binding of NNAs to DNA expanded the original alert definition. The structural fragments' predictive capabilities (performance) for the activating and negating mechanisms of these 41 chemicals are excellent. Three false positives and no false negatives are reported. Moreover, the role of metabolism in the N-nitrosation of secondary amines and tertiary amines after conversion to secondary amines under in vivo conditions is explained with descriptions of new metabolic transformations. These transformation boundaries are applied to different inventories to search for parent structures that are potential in vivo metabolic precursors of NNAs.
