Rabindra Bharati University

The present study deals with the concentration of blue aerosol in the lower atmosphere and its modeling for the assessment of the climate of the Barrackpore municipal area (BMA). Since the concentration of blue aerosol is not spatially correlated, its modeling seems to have a meager relation with the municipal boundary. The present study utilizes SIR-C images to find out the concentration of blue aerosols since these images contain microwave sensing to estimate the depth of the aerosol layer. Here, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the blue band ranges between 0.01 (extremely clean) and 1.0 (extremely polluted). The results show that the concentration of blue aerosol is found to be higher near the major river Hooghly, whereas itsr concentration is found to be lower in the rural counterpart. The concentration of blue aerosol is found to be higher in the evening, increasing the harshness of the city climate in the nighttime. The normal QQ plot shows the linear positive relation between the theoretical and actual observations, indicating the significance of the observation at the 0.01 level. The study concludes with the finding of the discontinuous and heterogeneous nature of blue aerosols through the computation of neighborhood functions, where the root mean square error (RMSE) value is found to concentrate near 0.2 (less error).

Technological development has empowered civilization from all aspects. With the prevalence of web 2.0 applications, a new way of resource description has become popular called 'social tagging'. Social tagging has revolutionized how we describe and access web resources, offering numerous benefits over traditional cataloguing systems. This flexible and user-driven approach allows anyone to assign keywords to any resource, enabling quick adaptation to changing user needs. With social tagging, users can search for resources through tag recommendations, making it a cost-effective alternative that eliminates the need for professional librarians. The popularity of standalone social tagging applications, such as Library Thing, BibSonomy, Goodreads, Anobii, Flickr, and Readgeek, has made it accessible to a wide range of users, offering a new way to discover and share information. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of social tags compared to Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) descriptors in Literature, specifically focusing on Rabindranath Tagore's works. By comparing the two approaches, this research seeks to determine whether social tags can be a viable alternative or complement to traditional LCSH descriptors, which are widely used in libraries for resource description. The study highlighted the advantage of social tags over LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Headings) in classifying Tagore's literature, showing that social tags achieved greater precision and recall in capturing the nuances and complexities of his works.

This article investigates a central contradiction of India’s first postcolonial decades: the political leadership’s commitment to democracy, secular citizenship, scientific development and international autonomy was pursued through institutions that often concentrated administrative authority and distributed social benefits unevenly. Focusing on 1947–1964, the study uses a qualitative historical-analytical method supported by descriptive comparisons from the Election Commission of India and published economic planning literature. It distinguishes institution-building as the establishment of durable rules and organizations from the deeper social democratization of their operation. The evidence shows significant achievements in constitutional government, recurring competitive elections, scientific and technical education, development administration and diplomatic agency. Yet the same period preserved colonial bureaucratic practices, relied on top-down economic coordination, left agrarian hierarchies substantially intact and struggled to reconcile non-alignment with insecurity at the northern frontier. The article argues that these outcomes were not simply evidence of hypocrisy or failure. They reflected the difficult political economy of constructing national capacity under conditions of Partition, scarce capital, low literacy, uneven regional development and intense Cold War pressures. Nehruvian idealism supplied legitimacy and direction, while institutional compromises made governance possible and simultaneously narrowed the transformative reach of the original vision. The resulting paradox shaped both the resilience and limitations of India’s postcolonial state.

Soil moisture serves as an essential component for the Earth’s terrestrial hydrological cycle. The parameter shows how much water remains trapped inside soil pores which helps scientists understand how different elements interact with each other. Soil moisture defines plant growth patterns which directly impacts agricultural output while also determining how water moves through different phases from ground infiltration to surface runoff and atmospheric moisture release. From a climate perspective it functions as the main factor which controls how energy flows between land surfaces and the atmosphere. The scientific community studies soil moisture because it connects to multiple research areas that focus on climate change and water scarcity and sustainable natural resource management. The majority of studies focus on examining different methods and tools. The study investigates different knowledge sources which extend from traditional point-scale methods to contemporary satellite remote sensing systems and land surface modeling techniques. The research team conducted an evaluation of riverine soil moisture conditions in riverine tract of Dakshin Dinajpur and SaraikelaKharsawan through Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) calculations and its impact on the cultivation of CO 51 rice variety

Birbhum has long been renowned as an industrially rich region of Bengal. Industries such as cotton, silk, indigo, lac, and sugar have historically enriched the cottage industries of the area. These ventures flourished further during the early phase of British rule, as the arrival of various British entrepreneurs propelled Birbhum’s industries to new heights of prosperity. A prominent figure among these entrepreneurs was John Cheap, the Commercial Resident of Birbhum. Although he began his career as the Commercial Resident of Sonamukhi, his primary professional tenure was established at Surul, Birbhum. John Cheap not only fostered the growth of the cotton, silk and indigo industries, but was also instrumental in bringing the traditional lac industry of Ilambazar of Birbhum, into the fold of British commerce. Beyond driving economic development, John Cheap was an able administrator who shared a deep, personal bond with the people of Birbhum; his relationship with them transcended the conventional divide between ruler and subject. Gourihar Mitra, Historian of Birbhum, had described him as a figure who was universally beloved. This article explores the industrial history of Birbhum while highlighting John Cheap’s contributions to that development, as well as his brilliant personality and exceptional professional competence.