Flowable concrete (FC) is characterised by its high self-compaction ability and improved form-filling, which are important for producing high-quality concrete. Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) are expected to grow as a sustainable alternative to natural aggregates (NA) in concrete mixes, offering environmental benefits, economic advantages, and waste reduction. RCA are representing a key path towards sustainable concrete construction. Present studies show a number of complex issues when considering their use in prestressed structural elements. characteristics of FC incorporating RCA. This review highlights the fresh, mechanical, durability, and structural performance and sustainability properties of FC. It discusses the essential aspects of using RCA in FC, including benefits, challenges, and material properties, with a specific focus on Prestressed Concrete (PSC) applications. This paper concludes that including RCA typically results in lower workability, stiffness, and durability due to the presence of adhered mortar and increased porosity. These effects can be effectively mitigated through proper design of the optimised concrete mix, treatment of the aggregates, and use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Overall, structural evaluations show that PSC structures made with moderate levels of RCA can achieve nearly the same ultimate strength and failure modes as those made with conventional concrete (CC) but typically offer lower serviceability than CC. Existing evidence for the PSC applications remains limited in scope and is largely experimental, based on laboratory experiments.
This study reports the synthesis and multifunctional performance of hierarchical PANI/g-C3N4/ZnO ternary composites prepared via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization technique. The synergistic integration of polyaniline (PANI), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and zinc oxide (ZnO) has been studied for structural, optical, and electrical characteristics, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analyses, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic efficiency of the composites was evaluated by measuring the degradation of malachite green (MG) under UV irradiation. The ternary composite achieved 96.5
The concentration of 222Rn in groundwater samples was analysed in the Gogi region of Yadgiri district, Karnataka, South India, an area known for its uranium mineralisation and for future mining activities. A total of 210 samples were analysed from various zones, with Gogi as the common centre for all study zones. The 222Rn bubbling method was employed to determine the activity concentration of 222Rn, which varied from 0.6 to 275.0 Bq/L. The concentration of 222Rn in most groundwater samples was comparable to levels observed in other parts of India and worldwide. The observed 222Rn activity concentration for the core zone was found to be higher than that in the other two zones. Only 10
The growing discharge of toxic dyes into water sources necessitates efficient and reusable photocatalysts fabrication. In this study, a novel BiOBr/Ce-doped CoFe2O4 (BB/CFCe) heterostructured nanocomposite was synthesized via a co-precipitation approach. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirmed the coexistence of BiOBr (BB), CoFe2O4 (CF), and CeO2 phases, with the formation of a strong interfacial heterojunction facilitating charge transfer. Ce doping induced mixed Ce3+/Ce4+ states and oxygen vacancies, enhancing visible light absorption and carrier mobility. The crystallite size estimated from the TEM matches well with the Bragg reflections. The optical energy band gap calculated using Tauc's relation was found to be 2.92, 0.69, 1.78, 2.27, 2.79, 2.85 eV for BB, CF, CFCe, BB/CFCe1, BB/CFCe2 and BB/CFCe3 NCs respectively. Among all samples, BB/CFCe1 exhibited superior photocatalytic activity, achieving 97.8% Rhodamine B degradation within 120 min and a rate constant (k) of 0.0385 min-1, nearly 48 times higher than pristine BB. The material also demonstrated excellent stability and recyclability over multiple cycles. The synergistic interaction between BB and CFCe establishes an efficient Z-scheme mechanism, offering a cost-effective and magnetically recoverable photocatalyst for sustainable wastewater remediation.
Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with millions of new cases and deaths recorded annually. The imperative need for novel and effective anticancer agents has spurred extensive research in medicinal chemistry, with a particular focus on heterocyclic compounds as promising drug candidates. Herein, we synthesized hydrazinyl thiazole analogues using various phenacyl bromides. The structures of the synthesized hydrazinyl thiazoles were confirmed by spectroscopic methods like 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and mass spectrometry. The in vitro cytotoxicity activity of selected hydrazinyl thiazoles against the MDA-MB-231 cell line was examined by the MTT assay method. Amongst them, compound 12, compound 11 and compound 26 showed better cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 8.92 mu g/ml, 9.03 mu g/ml and 10.46 mu g/ml, respectively, whereas compound 13 and compound 19 showed a moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 23.49 mu g/ml and 53.74 mu g/ml, respectively, against MDA-MB-231 cell line. Using the BuildQSAR tool, the investigation was extended with a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. The results showed in the QSAR study got the best equation model obtained from the BuildQSAR calculation. Additionally, ADMET analysis was carried out to evaluate the drug-like characteristics of the synthesized hydrazinyl thiazole derivatives. To evaluate the binding interactions of hydrazinyl thiazole derivatives with the target protein, human aromatase protein, molecular docking studies were conducted utilising docking tools. The results from the docking studies showed that the binding constants in the range of-8.40 Kcal/mol to-6.69 Kcal/mol. The in vitro and in silico results of cytotoxic activity elucidated that the hydrazinyl thiazole scaffolds might be considered as a promising anti-breast cancer agents.
