The Royal Society (Thai: ราชบัณฑิตยสภา, RTGS: Ratchabandittayasapha, pronounced [râːt.t͡ɕʰā.bān.dìt.tā.já(ʔ).sā.pʰāː]) is the national academy of Thailand in charge of academic works of the government.The secretariat of the society is the Office of the Royal Society (Thai: สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา, RTGS: Samnakngan Ratchabandittayasapha), formerly known as the Royal Institute (Thai: ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, RTGS: Ratchabandittayasathan). The office is an independent agency under the prime minister's supervision.The Royal Society was established on 19 April 1926 and was dissolved on 31 March 1934. The dissolved society was split into the Royal Institute and the Fine Arts Department. On 14 February 2015, the Royal Institute was reorganised. Its administrative council became the Royal Society, whilst the institute itself became the office of the society.According to the present structure, the members of the Royal Society are of three types: associate fellows, fellows, and honorary fellows. The associate fellows are experts selected and appointed by the society. The fellows are associate fellows selected by the society and appointed by the monarch upon advice of the prime minister. And the honorary fellows are prominent experts selected by the society and appointed in the same manner as the fellows.The society is known for its role in the planning and regulation of the Thai language, as well as its many publications, particularly the Royal Institute Dictionary, the official and prescriptive dictionary of the Thai language, and the Royal Thai General System of Transcription (RTGS), the official system for romanising Thai words.The budget allocated to the Royal Society for FY2019 is 192.2 million baht.
We investigate (3 + 1)d topological orders (TOs) in fermionic systems with anomalous 7LF2N symmetry, where its 7LF2 subgroup is the fermion parity. Such an anomalous symmetry arises as a discrete subgroup of the chiral U(1) symmetry of v copies of Weyl fermions of the same chirality. Inspired by the crystalline correspondence principle, we deform the anomalous 7LF2N symmetry of a (3 + 1)d Weyl fermion to the anomalous CN & times; 7LF2 symmetry. Then we microscopically construct symmetry preserving gapped boundary states of the closely related (4 + 1)d CN & times; 7LF2 symmetry protected topological state (with CN being the N-fold rotation), whenever it is possible. For v = N, we show that the (3 + 1)d symmetric gapped state admits a topological 7L4 gauge theory description at low energy and propose that a similar theory saturates the corresponding 7LF2N anomaly. For N inverted iota v, our construction admits no topological quantum field theory (TQFT) symmetric gapped state; while for v = N/2, we find a non-TQFT symmetric gapped state via stacking lower-dimensional (2 + 1)d non-discrete-gauge-theory TO inhomogeneously. For other values of v, no symmetric gapped state is possible within our construction, which is consistent with the no-go theorem by Cordova-Ohmori.
The flat-backed millipede genus Sellanucheza Enghoff, Golovatch & Nguyen, 2004 is recorded from Laos for the first time, with three new species described from limestone caves in Khammouane and Bolikhamsay provinces, northeastern Laos: Sellanucheza laotica sp. nov ., S. longispina sp. nov ., and S. ancorata sp. nov . These discoveries significantly broaden the morphological concept of the genus, necessitating an amended diagnosis to accommodate unique characters such as the presence of sternal cones on both rings 5 and 6 in S. longispina sp. nov . and a highly characteristic, anchor-shaped (trifid) solenophore tip in S. ancorata sp. nov . Sellanucheza laotica sp. nov . shows distinct troglomorphic traits, including a small and pallid body, suggesting adaptations to a strictly subterranean existence. In addition, S. variata (Attems, 1953), a poorly known congener from northern Vietnam, is redescribed and illustrated based on type material from the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria. An updated identification key to all nine accepted species of the genus is provided, with a distribution map. These findings represent a major range extension for the genus into the central Indochinese Peninsula, bridging its previously known distribution between southern China and northern Vietnam. With the addition of the above three new taxa, the documented millipede fauna of Laos is updated to comprise 98 accepted species belonging to 33 genera, 12 families, and eight orders.
This review examines the ballistic resistance of fiber-reinforced cement composites (FRCs) and related cementitious systems for protective structures, with emphasis on projectile–target interaction, penetration and scabbing mechanisms, and the governing roles of material and structural parameters. The synthesis indicates that ballistic resistance is controlled not only by compressive strength but also by the combined effects of dynamic tensile behavior, fracture energy, crack-bridging efficiency, aggregate characteristics, target thickness, projectile characteristics, and structural configuration. Steel and hybrid fiber systems generally provide the most consistent improvements in scabbing suppression and residual integrity, while hard aggregates and multilayer hard–soft–tough arrangements enhance penetration resistance, stress-wave attenuation, and staged energy dissipation. The review also evaluates current numerical approaches, including rate-sensitive constitutive models, cohesive and continuum damage formulations, smoothed particle hydrodynamics, and data-driven methods. Several calibrated and experimentally validated simulations reproduced penetration depth and major damage trends with useful engineering agreement; however, significant challenges remain in representing multi-hit degradation, fiber-scale pull-out, fragment ejection, and interface debonding. In addition, the review highlights the limited suitability of existing ballistic standards for quasi-brittle cementitious systems and emphasizes the need for FRC-specific testing, large-scale validation, and more sustainable protective material design.
Importance of the work: Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has great potential as a high-throughput characterizing tool, especially for improving wood qualities in jatropha breeding work. Objectives: To characterize jatropha wood qualities across various genotypes and to investigate the relationship between chemical composition and calorific value based on evaluating the chemical composition and calorific value of jatropha wood using NIR spectroscopy. Materials and Methods: Analysis was conducted on 365 wood samples from various jatropha genotypes. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and calorific value were all predicted using partial least squares (PLS) regression models. Results: The correlation coefficient (r) values of these models ranged from 0.65** to 0.81**, where ** indicates significance at p < 0.01, with low standard error of calibration and of prediction. In addition, there were significant effects of harvest age and reharvesting, along with notable genotypic variations in all quality parameters that the PLS models anticipated, with significant correlations between calorific value and NDF (r = 0.65**), ADF (r = 0.42**) and lignin (r = 0.91**). Main finding: The NIR spectroscopy models developed had modest predictive performance for calorific value and wood chemical components of jatropha, indicating that NIR has potential as a rapid and non-destructive tool for preliminary screening and comparative evaluation of genotypes based on wood quality.
Two new sympatric cavernicolous species of the millipede genus Plusioglyphiulus Silvestri, 1923, are described from Battambang Province, northwestern Cambodia: Plusioglyphiulus parviserratus Likhitrakarn & Seesamut, sp. nov. and Plusioglyphiulus battambangensis Likhitrakarn & Seesamut, sp. nov. Both new taxa are diagnosed based on an integrated taxonomic approach combining morphological features and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences from a previous study. Plusioglyphiulus parviserratus sp. nov. is distinguished from all congeners by having the male leg 1 telopodite distinctly 2-segmented with a rudimentary, knob-like second telopoditomere, the anterior gonopod coxosternal processes long, slender, and regularly curved anteriorly, resembling a bird's head, and a unique micro-serrate upper margin of the broad flagellum process. In contrast, P. battambangensis sp. nov. is characterized by a distinct carinotaxic formula of the collum, a significantly smaller second telopoditomere on the male leg 1, a slender, elongated, paramedian coxal process of the posterior gonopod, and a narrow, smooth-margined flagellum process. The two new species are separated from each other by an interspecific COI p-distance of 10.3% and show divergences of 9.6-9.9% from their closest known relatives, all lying well within the stable range observed for species boundaries in the Cambalopsidae and therefore strongly supporting their independent specific status. Beyond traditional descriptions, this study evaluates the resolution efficiency and practical limitations of multiple imaging modalities, including the standard transmission light photography, traditional line drawings, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomography scanning. While 3DµCT reconstructions provide powerful, non-destructive visualizations of external somatic architectures, we demonstrate that current in-situ tomographic data remain insufficient for resolving the highly condensed, tightly appressed gonopodial microscopic characters, thereby emphasizing the continued necessity of physical dissection and SEM in cambalopsid taxonomy. These findings increase the number of Plusioglyphiulus species currently known to occur in Cambodia to six, highlighting the significant, yet severely understudied, cavernicolous diplopod diversity in the country's extensive karst systems. An updated identification key to all six Cambodian Plusioglyphiulus species is provided. These discoveries underscore the critical need for continued taxonomic exploration and the implementation of conservation strategies for the imperiled limestone karst ecosystems in the region.
