Individual differences in migrants' remittance behavior remain poorly understood despite their economic and social significance. This study examines whether the Big Five personality traits predict remittance sending to family and friends, using prospective longitudinal data from two ethnic minority samples of Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (N = 2943). Personality was measured at baseline; remittance behavior was assessed one year later and at three further occasions spanning a decade. Conscientiousness was a positive predictor of remittance sending one year later, whereas Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness were negative predictors and Agreeableness showed no significant association. The Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Extraversion associations replicated four years after the personality assessment, the Neuroticism association additionally held a decade later, and the Openness association was confined to the initial occasion. These findings establish personality as a meaningful predictor of transnational financial behavior. That duty-related Conscientiousness predicted sending while prosociality-linked Agreeableness did not is consistent with the view that remittance sending reflects duty fulfillment more than general prosocial orientation; transfers may be harder to sustain for migrants who engage strongly with the host society, as extraverted and open individuals tend to do, and for those prone to worry and financial anxiety.
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is thought to affect how individuals respond to social cues and interpersonal stimuli. Studies suggest that CM survivors prefer larger comfortable interpersonal distance (CID), but tend to exhibit low statistical power and focus on European populations, limiting generalisability to countries such as South Africa. This study sought to investigate the relationship between CM and CID in the South African context. 1048 South African adults completed measures assessing CID, CM, lifetime trauma exposure, PTSD, C-PTSD and depressive symptoms, social support, socio-economic status, and interpersonal stress. Mixed analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were conducted to analyse data. Higher levels of physical abuse, physical neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect were associated with larger CID. Findings suggest that lower levels of social strain and higher subjective socio-economic status may mitigate the negative impact of CM. Many participants answered in English regardless of home language, making comparisons between language groups impossible. Participants were not asked about ethnic group membership, limiting comparisons to other demographic variables. CM appears to play a significant role on CID preferences independent of the person involved. Social strain and subjective socio-economic status appear to be mitigating factors against the negative effects of CM. This finding is significant in the South African context, which is characterised by large wealth disparities and high levels of interpersonal violence.
Transition metal oxalates have been proven to be a promising electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. Here, we have designed a series of multi-phase transition metal oxalates with different structures and compositions by simply adjusting the proportions of five transition metal elements. Among them, the multi-phase mixture (MC2O4 & centerdot;2H2O - CuC2O4 - MC2O4 & centerdot;2H2O, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) provides a more stable framework for the material during lithiation and delithiation, effectively alleviating the structural collapse during the cycling process. In addition, the electron transport and fast charge compensation processes of multiple electrochemically active metal pairs also contribute to the improvement of performance. Therefore, the multi-phase transition metal oxalate TMOx-2 electrode with an additional CuC2O4 phase exhibits high reversible capacity and long-term cycling stability. After 400 cycles at 100 and 500 mA/g, the specific discharge capacities are 827 mAh/g and 498 mAh/g, respectively. Constructing multi-metal, multi-phase systems by combining different transition metals enables control over potential, reaction pathways, and stability of high-performance electrodes.
: With increasing political polarization accompanied by various economic threats and crises, the interplay of politics and work is crucial to understanding emerging phenomena. With this position paper, we highlight what work and organizational psychology can offer in the work-politics nexus. We classify three broad streams in which we see the need for more research on the work-politics nexus: (a) politics affecting work, (b) work affecting political attitudes and engagement, and (c) political participation at work. Using these areas, we highlight the urgency for organizations and practitioners to pay attention and provide future research directions for work and organizational psychology scholars. This position paper aims to highlight initial work and organizational psychological research in the work-politics nexus and encourages work and organizational psychologists to direct more attention toward the intersection of work and the broader civic sphere. Zusammenfassung: Angesichts der zunehmenden politischen Polarisierung, begleitet von verschiedenen wirtschaftlichen Bedrohungen und Krisen, ist das Zusammenspiel von Politik und Arbeit entscheidend f & uuml;r das Verst & auml;ndnis neu auftretender Ph & auml;nomene. Mit diesem Positionspapier heben wir hervor, was die Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie im Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeit und Politik leisten kann. Wir unterscheiden drei gro ss e Bereiche, in denen wir einen Forschungsbedarf zum Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeit und Politik sehen: (a) Politik, die sich auf die Arbeit auswirkt, (b) Arbeit, die sich auf die Politik auswirkt, und (c) politische Partizipation am Arbeitsplatz. Anhand dieser Bereiche betonen wir die Dringlichkeit f & uuml;r Organisationen, diesem Thema Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken, und geben zuk & uuml;nftige Forschungsrichtungen f & uuml;r Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen der Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie vor. Dieses Positionspapier soll erste arbeits- und organisationspsychologische Forschungsarbeiten im Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeit und Politik hervorheben und Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologen und -psychologinnen dazu ermutigen, mehr Aufmerksamkeit auf die Schnittstelle zwischen Arbeit und dem breiteren zivilgesellschaftlichen Bereich zu richten.
In this work, hierarchically porous materials have been prepared by the self-assembly and pore formation of different amphiphilic block copolymers (BCPs) in the vicinity of cellulose paper sheets. For this, polystyrene-block-polysolketal methacrylate (PS-b-SMA) as a linear BCP and polymethyl methacrylate-block-polysolketal methacrylate (PMMA-b-SMA)n as a star-shaped BCP were prepared using living anionic polymerization. Under mild acidic conditions, the amphiphilic properties were revealed by converting the PSMA block segment to poly(dihydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PDHPMA). The BCPs were incorporated onto cellulose linters fiber-based sheets by a self-assembly and nonsolvent-induced phase separation (SNIPS) process. The resulting porous materials have been further modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl dimethyl chlorosilane (TFPCS) using a vapor-phase modification approach. This strategy enabled further tuning of the surface properties of the resulting porous structures to adjust surface polarity. The characteristics of the modified porous materials were confirmed at the microscopic scale by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) combined with selectively enhanced dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The influence of APTES and TFPCS was further analyzed at the macroscopic level using water contact angle (WCA) measurements and water permeance testing, where changes were observed for both modifiers. Using this convenient strategy, the fabrication of functional porous cellulose composite materials is demonstrated, paving the way for a new family of cellulose-based porous materials.
