Founded as the school of nursing and midwifery in 1986, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran, found its independence from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 1995 admitting students for two majors: Nursing (four-year BSC program) and Midwifery (two-year associate degree) with eight faculty members. In 2008, with second round of the presidential visits, three schools of health, paramedical sciences as well as nursing and midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences started to admit 20 students for the seven-year major in GP. At the present, the university has five schools of Medicine, Paramedical Sciences, Health, Nursing and midwifery and Jovein Nursing School, admitting students in 21 fields (EMS Associate degree, 14 BSCs, 5 MSCs and 1 MD) covering the education of about 1700 students, with 120 faculty members. Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences enjoys wards of cardiac surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, nuclear medicine; in near future, Heshmatieh Specialty and Super-specialty Hospital will be re-inaugurated to provide more services for the treatment of clients. As of 2015, the university covers five hospitals, 600 beds, 13 EMS sites, five city EMS, 193 rural health centers, 37 urban health center and about 3000 employees..
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased maternal and fetal health risks, yet reliable predictive biomarkers remain poorly established. Acylcarnitines (ACs), key metabolites involved in fatty acid oxidation and energy metabolism, have been identified as potential early biomarkers for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, their role in the metabolic alterations of GDM and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) during pregnancy remains largely unexplored. This was a case-control study involving 75 pregnant women categorized into three groups: normal pregnancy (n = 25), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, n = 28), and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM, n = 22). Plasma samples were collected during the second trimester for PGDM and third trimester for GDM and normal pregnancies. A targeted metabolomic approach using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was employed to quantify 30 acylcarnitine species. Univariate analyses were performed using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests, and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify underlying metabolic patterns while controlling for collinearity. Women with GDM showed significantly higher median levels of C5 (0.105 vs. 0.075 µmol/L, P < 0.001), C16-OH (0.005 vs. 0.004 µmol/L, P = 0.040), and C18:1-OH (0.009 vs. 0.007 µmol/L, P = 0.012) compared to controls. In PGDM, C3 (0.441 vs. 0.279 µmol/L, P = 0.018) and C5 (0.142 vs. 0.075 µmol/L, P < 0.001) were markedly elevated. Notably, C0, C3DC, C5, C10:1, and C14 differed significantly between GDM and PGDM (P < 0.05 for all). Principal component analysis revealed that PC2 (driven by short-chain ACs) was strongly associated with PGDM (adjusted OR = 1.48, 95
Industrial development has increased the introduction of pollutants such as nitrate (NO₃⁻) and triclosan (TCS) into the environment, both of which pose significant environmental and health risks. The experiments were carried out in a 150 ml glass tube (photoreactor) equipped with a UV lamp (mercury vapor lamp (16 W) with a quartz cover operated at a controlled temperature (21 ± 2 °C), with an ultraviolet (UV) lamp and 2 mg/L dissolved oxygen. In the UV/sulfite process, the weak S-S bonds of sulfite, when exposed to UV radiation, produce SO3•- radicals. The study assessed the effects of sulfite concentration, reaction time, pH, and pollutant levels on treatment efficiency. At pH 3 and 7 with 50 mg/L concentrations of TCS and NO₃ ⁻ , TCS removal efficiencies were 23% and 100%, while NO₃ ⁻ removal was 18% and 68%, respectively. Increasing sulfite from 50 to 200 mg/L improved results, achieving 85% NO₃⁻ and 100% TCS reduction in 90 minutes. SMP outperformed UV and sulfite-only treatments, achieving 68% and 100% reductions after 180 minutes. The process also led to partial nitrate-to-nitrite conversion, which decreased over time. In the SMP process, the values of Kobs (min-1) were 0.017, 0.031 for NO3- and TCS and EEM (kWh m-3), 0.3 and 0.2, respectively.Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) reduced notably, and toxicity levels dropped dramatically. Given its high efficiency, low energy consumption, and minimal environmental impact, the SMP process shows significant potential for practical scale-up in wastewater treatment applications, especially in industries dealing with persistent organic pollutants and high nitrate concentrations.
Background and aimMedication administration in pediatrics and neonatology is a highly complex and safety-critical process, where even minor errors can have severe consequences. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) have shown promises in reducing such errors; however, most existing systems focus primarily on the prescribing stage and are designed for physicians, leaving a critical gap in support for nurses during medication administration-the final and most error-prone stage. Moreover, heterogeneous and overly complex data structures in CDSS hinder interoperability, consistency, and scalability, limiting their effectiveness in clinical practice. To address these challenges, it is esssential to develop a Medication Administration CDSS (MACDSS) tailored to pediatric and neonatal care. A foundational step in this process is to establish a standardized Minimum Data Set (MDS) to ensure data consistency, interoperability, and alignment with international standards such as HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR), thereby enhancing medication safety in these vulnerable populations.MethodsA research synthesis approach was employed to develop the MDS. The study began with a qualitative phase to identify nurses' needs for and barriers to health information technology adoption in the medication administration process. This was followed by a systematic literature review across four databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and ProQuest) to extract data elements from existing systems. Data from both phases were synthesized using a mixed-methods approach proposed by Robert et al. and refined through thematic analysis. An expert panel comprising medical informatics specialists and pediatric nursing Ph.D. holders validated the final data elements to ensure relevance, accuracy, and interoperability.ResultsThe qualitative study identified 12 data elements and highlighted key themes and barriers to technology adoption in medication administration processes. The systematic literature review yielded 84 data elements, which were mapped to the FHIR standard. An expert panel contributed 17 additional elements. From a total number of 83 candidates, 33 essential data elements were finalized and categorized into Individuals (7), Diagnostics (4), and Medications (22), with 14 elements linked to researcher-defined extensions on the FHIR. Of these, 20 were text-based and 13 numeric.ConclusionBy integrating qualitative research, a systematic review, and expert panel, 33 essential data elements were identified and mapped to the FHIR standard to support interoperability with EHR systems. The resulting framework offers a practical foundation for safer medication administration and can guide future system design and research in health informatics.
BACKGROUND:Despite early interest in the effects of dietary fats on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), substantial controversy remains regarding the evidence linking different types of fatty acids to CVDs. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary fat intake, CVD risk, and serum lipid biomarkers. METHODS:This cross-sectional study included data from 4200 adult participants (1218 patients with CVDs and 2982 healthy participants) from the Persian Cohort Study. Data on heart disease (hypertension, myocardial infarction, and ischemic heart disease) were collected. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the intake of different fatty acids was evaluated using Nutritionist-IV software. Serum lipid profiles were analysed using enzymatic and chromatographic methods. RESULTS:Higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) intake showed an inverse association with CVDs (OR = 0.931, 95% CI: 0.867-0.998, p = 0.045). Adjustments for age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, BMI, and caloric intake did not alter this association. No significant associations were observed for other dietary fats. CONCLUSION:The findings suggest an inverse association between MUFA intake and CVD risk. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these results.
BACKGROUND:This study aimed to update the global estimates of microsporidia prevalence, species/genotype distribution and clinical correlates among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. METHODS:A systematic search of international databases was conducted for studies published between 1 January 2017 and 11 October 2025. Pooled prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS:Thirty-nine studies from 18 countries (24 cross-sectional, 15 case-control) were included. The pooled prevalence of microsporidia among HIV/AIDS patients was 12% (95% CI 8.9 to 16), significantly higher than in controls (1.9%; odds ratio 5.7 [95% CI 3.33 to 9.74]). A higher pooled prevalence of microsporidia infection was observed in studies published after 2020 (15.9%), in those with sample sizes ≤100 participants (19.2%), in patients with CD4 counts ≤200 cells/μl (58.4%) and in males (64.9%). The highest country-specific prevalence rates were reported from Malaysia (60.9%), Mexico (48.3%), Malawi (37.0%) and South Africa (32.9%). Enterocytozoon bieneusi was the predominant species, accounting for 24 identified genotypes, followed by Encephalitozoon intestinalis, E. cuniculi and E. hellem. CONCLUSIONS:Microsporidia remain a significant opportunistic pathogen in HIV/AIDS patients. Strengthened molecular surveillance, standardized diagnostic protocols and integration of microsporidia screening into HIV/AIDS care are essential to improve outcomes and control transmission.
